Renal/Genitourinary
Terms
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- RTA associated with abnormal H+ secretion and nephrolithiasis
- Type I (distal)
- RTA associated with abnormal HCO3 and rickets
- Type II (proximal)
- RTA associated with aldosterone defect
- Type IV (distal)
- "doughy skin"
- hypernatremia
- differential of hypervolemic hyponatremia
- cirrhosis, CHF, nephritic syndrome
- Chvostek's sign
- facial spasm tapping facial nerve - hypocalcemia
- Trousseau's sign
- carpal spasm after occlusion by arterial cuff - hypocalcemia
- Most common causes of hypercalcemia
- malignancy and hyperparathyroidism
- Twave flattening and U waves
- hypokalemia
- peaked T waves and widened QRS
- hyperkalemia
- first line treatment for moderate hypercalcemia
- IV fluids and loop diuretics
- type of ARF in patient with FENa <1%
- prerenal
- most common type of nephrolithiasis
- calcium oxalate
- 20 y/o male presents with a palpable flank mass and hematuria. U/S shows b/l enlarged kidneys with cysts. Associated brain anomaly?
- cerebral berry aneurysm (AD PcKD)
- hematuria, HTN, and oliguria
- nephritic syndrome
- proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperlipiduria, edema
- nephrotic syndrome
- most common cause of nephritic syndrome
- membranous GN
- most common form of glomerulonephritis
- IgA nephropathy (Berger's syndrome)
- glomerulonephritis with deafness
- Alport's syndrome
- red cell casts in urine sediment
- glomerulonephritis/nephritic syndrome
- eosinophils in urine sediment
- allerigic interstitial nephritis
- waxy casts in urine sediment and Maltese crosses (seen with lipiduria)
- nephrotic syndrome
- drowsiness, asterixis, nausea, and pericardial friction rub
- uremic syndrome seen in pts with renal failure
- 55 y/o man dx with prostate ca. Rx options
-
wait
surgical resection
XRT
and/or androgen suppression - low urine specific gravity in presence of serum osmolality
- DI
- Treatment of SIADH?
- fluid restriction, demeclocycline
- hematuria, flank pain, and palpable flank mass
- renall cell ca
- testicular cancer associated with B-hCG, AFP
- choriocarcinoma
- most common type of testicular cancer
- seminoma
- most common histology of bladder cancer
- transitional cell