Ch 8 p249-255
Terms
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- bone marrow transplant
- the transplantation of healthy bone marrow from a compatible donor to a diseased recipient to stimulate blood cell production
- white blood count (WBC)
- a count of the number of white blood cells per cubic millimeter obtained by manual or automated laboratory methods
- vasoconstrictor
- a drug that causes a narrowing of blood vessels, decreasing blood flow
- polycythemia
- an increase in the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in the blood
- hemostatic
- a drug that stops the flow of blood within the vessle
- hemochromatosis
- a hereditary disorder that results in an excessive buildup of iron deposits in the body
- hemoglobin (HGB)
- a test to determine the blood level of hemoglobin
- lymphoma
- any neoplastic disorder of lymph tissue, usually malignant
- autoimmune disease
- any disorder characterized by abnormal function of the immune system that causes the body to produce antibodies against itself, resulting in tissue destruction or loss of function
- positron emission tomography (PET)
- radionuclide scans, especially of the whole body, are useful in determining the recurrence of cancers or to measure response toe therapy
- autologous blood
- blood donated by, and store for, a patient for future personal use
- myelodysplasia
- a disorder within the bone marrow characterized by the proliferation of abnormal stem cells
- blood chemistry
- a test of the fluid portion of blood to measure the presence of a chemical constituent
- crossmatching
- a method of matching a donor;s blood to the recipient by mixing a sample in a test tube to determine compatibility
- blood indices
- calculations of RBC, HGB, and HCT results to determine the average size, hemoglobin concentration, and content of red blood cells for classification of anemia
- complete blood count (CBC)
- the most common laboratory blood test performed as a screen of general health or for diagnostic purposes
- blood culture
- a test to determine if infection is present in the bloodstream by isolating a specimen of blood in an environment that encourages the growth of microorganisms
- erthroblastosis fetalis
- a disorder that results from the incompatibility of a fetus with an Rh-positive blood factor and a mother who is Rh negative, causing red blood cell destruction in the fetus; necessitates a blood transfusion to save the fetus
- metastasis
- the process by which cancer cells are spread by blood or lymph circulation to distant organs
- iron deficiency anemia
- a microcytic-hypochromic type of anemia characterized by a lack of iron, affecting production of hemoglobin and characterized by small red blood cells containing low amounts of hemoglobin
- pernicious anemia
- a macrocytic-normochromic type of anemia characterized by an inadequate supply of vitamin B12, causing red blood cells to become large, varied in shape, and reduced in number
- red cell morphology
- as part of identifying and counting the WBCs, the condition of the size and shape of the red blood cells in the background of the smeared slide is noted
- computed tomography (CT)
- full-body x-ray CT images are used to detect tumors and cancers
- lymphadenotomy
- an incision into a lymph node
- aplastic anemia
- a normocytic-normochromic type of anemia characterized by the failure of bone marrow to produce red blood cells
- mean corpuscular volume (MCV)
- a calculatin of the volume of individual cells in cubic microns using HCT and RBC results: MCV = HCT/RBC
- red blood count (RBC)
- a count of the number of red blood cells per cubic millimeter obtained by manual or automated laboratory methods
- thrombocytopenia
- a bleeding disorder characterized by an abnormal decrease in the number of platelets in the blood, which impairs the clotting process
- partial thromboplastin time (PTT)
- a test to determine coagulation defects such as platelet disorders
- blood component therapy
- the transfusion of specific blood components such as packed red blood cells, platelets, and plasma
- hematocrit (HCT)
- a measurement of the percentage of packed red blood cells in a given volume of blood
- platelet count (PLT)
- a calculation of the number of thrombocytes in the blood: normal range 150000-450000/ cubic millimeters
- hemophilia
- a group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which there is a defect in clotting factors necessary for the coagulation of blood
- blood transfusion
- the introduction of blood products into the circulation of a recipient whose blood volume is reduced or deficient in some manner
- differential count
- a determination of the number of each type of white blood cell seen on a stained blood smear
- septicemia
- a systemic disease caused by the infection of microorganisms and their toxins in the circulating blood
- comprehensive metabolic panel
- tests in addition to basic metabolic panels for expanded screening purposes: albumin, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, protein, ALT, and AST
- phlebotomy
- an incision into or puncture of a vein to withdraw blood for testing
- prothrombin time (PT)
- a test to measure the activity of prothrombin in the blood
- CD4 cell count
- a measure of the number of CD4 cells in the blood; used in monitoring the course of HIV and timing the treatment of AIDS, the normal adult range is 600-1500 cells
- Rh positive
- the presence of antigens
- mononucleosis
- a condition caused by the Epstein-Barr virus characterized by an increase in mononuclear cells in the blood, along with enlarged lymph nodes, fatigue, and sore throat
- erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
- a timed test to measure the rate at which red blood cells settle or fall through a given volume of plasma
- thromboplastin
- a substance present in tissues, platelets, and leukocytes that is necessary for coagulation
- blood chemistry panels
- specialized batteries of automated blood chemistry tests performed on a single sample of blood
- prothrombin
- a protein substance in the blood that is essential to the clotting process
- mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)
- a calculation of the average hemoglobin concentration in each red blood cell using HGB and HCT results: MCHC = HGB/HCT
- basic metabolic panel
- battery of tests used as a general screen for disease: calcium, carbon dioxide, chloride, creatinine, glucose, potassium, sodium, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
- immunotherapy
- the use of biological agents to prevent or treat disease by stimulating the body's own defense mechanisms
- thymectomy
- the removal of the thymus gland
- Rh factor
- the presence, or lack, of antigens on the surface of red blood cells that may cause a reaction between the blood of the mother and fetus, resulting in fetal anemia
- bone marrow biopsy
- a pathological examination of bone marrow tissue
- chemotherapy
- the treatment of malignancies, infections, and other diseases with chemical agents that destroy selected cells or impair their ability to reproduce
- lymphangiogram
- an x-ray image of a lymph node or vessel taken after injection of a contrast medium
- venipuncture
- an incision into or puncture of a vein to withdraw blood for testing
- lymph node dissection
- the removal of possible cancer-carrying lymph nodes for pathological examination
- vasodilator
- a drug that causes dilation of blood vessels, increasing blood flow
- bone marrow aspiration
- a needle aspiration of bone marrow tissue for pathological examination
- lymphadenectomy
- the removal of a lymph node
- acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
- a syndrome caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that renders immune cells ineffective, permitting opportunistic infections, malignancies, and neurological diseases to develops
- anticoagulant
- a drug that prevents clotting of the blood
- leukemia
- a chronic or acute malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, marked by abnormal leukocytes in the blood and bone marrow
- homologous blood
- blood voluntarily donated by any person for transfusion to a compatible recipient
- mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH)
- a calculation of the content in weight of hemoglobin in the average red blood cell using HGB and RBC results: MCH = HGB/RBC
- plasmapheresis
- the removal of plasma from the body with separation and extraction of specific elements followed by reinfusion
- anemia
- a condition in which there is a reduction in the number of red blood cells, the amount of hemoglobin, or the volume of packed red cells in the blood, resulting in a diminished ability of the red blood cells to transport oxygen to the tissues
- Rh negative
- the absence of antigens