Med. Term Chap 5
Terms
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- angi/o
- vessel
- aort/o
- arota
- arteri/o
- artery
- ather/o
- fatty substance
- atri/o
- atrium
- cardi/o
- heart
- coron/o
- heart
- cyan/o
- blue
- ox/i
- oxygen
- ox/o
- oxygen
- pericardi/o
- pericardium
- phleb/o
- vein
- sphygm/o
- pulse
- thromb/o
- clot
- valv/o
- valve
- valvul/o
- valve
- ven/o
- vein
- ventricul/o
- ventricle
- brady-
- slow
- tachy-
- fast
- -manometer
-
instrument to measure pressure
ex. sphygmomanometer - -ole
-
small
ex. arteriole - -sclerosis
-
hardening
ex. arteriosclerosis - -stenosis
-
narrowing
ex. angiostenosis - -tension
-
pressure
ex. hypotension - -ule
-
small
ex. venule - angiography
- making a record of a vessel
- angiorrhaphy
- suturing a vessel
- angiospasm
- involuntary muscle contraction of a vessel
- angiostenosis
- narrowing of a vessel
- aortogram
- record of the aorta
- aortic
- pertaining to the aorta
- arterial
- pertaining to the artery
- arteriole
- small artery
- arteriorrhexis
- ruptured artery
- atherectomy
- excision of fatty substance
- atrial
- pertaining to the atrium
- interatrial
- pertaining to between the atria
- cardiac
- pertaining to the heart
- bradycardia
- state of slow heart
- cardiodynia
- heart pain
- electrocardiogram
- record of heart electricity
- cardiomegaly
- enlarged heart
- myocardial
- pertaining to heart muscle
- cardiologist
- specialist in the cardiovascular system
- cardiorrhaphy
- suture the heart
- tachycardia
- state of fast heart
- coronary
- pertaining to the heart
- phlebitis
- inflammation of a vein
- phlebotomy
- creating an opening into a vein to withdraw blood
- phleborrhaphy
- suture a vein
- valvulitis
- inflammation of a vlave
- valvular
- pertaining to a valve
- venous
- pertaining to a vein
- venule
- small vein
- venotomy
- incision into a vein
- ventrivular
- pertaining to a ventricle
- interventricular
- pertaining to between the ventricles
- auscultation
- process of listening to the sounds with the body using a stethoscope
- bruit
- term used interchangeably with the word murmur, a gentle, blowing sound that is heard during auscultation
- cardiology
- the branch of medicine relating to the cardiovascular system
- cyanosis
- slightly bluish color of the skin due to a deficiency of oxygen and an excess of carbon dioxide in the blood, it is caused by a variety of disorders, ranging from chronic lung disease to congenital and chronic heart problems
- infarct
- area of tissue within an organ or part that undergoes necrosis (death) following the loss of its blood supply
- ischemia
- localized and temporary deficiency of blood supply due to an obstruction to the circulation
- lumen
- the space, cavity, or channel within a tube or tubular organ or structure in the body
- murmur
- an abnormal heart sound such as a soft blowing sound or harsh click, it may be soft and heard only with a stethoscope, or so loud it can be heard several feet away, bruit
- palpitations
- pounding, racing heartbeat
- pulse
- expansion and contraction of a blood vessel wall produced by blood as it moves through an artery
- sphygmomanometer
- instrument for measuring blood pressure
- stent
- a stainless steel tube placed within a blood vessel or a duct to widen the lumen
- stethoscope
- instrument for listening to body sounds (auscultation), such as the chest, heart, or intestines
- aneurysm
- weakness in the wall of an artery that results in localized widening of the artery
- angina pectoris
- condition in which there is severe pain with a sensation of constriction around the heart, caused by a deficiency of oxygen to the heart muscle
- angiocarditis
- inflammation of blood vessels and the heart
- angioma
- tumor, usually benign, consisting of a network of blood vessels
- aortic stenosis
- narrowing of the aorta
- arrhythmia
- irregularity in the heartbeat or action
- arteriosclerosis
- thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of the walls of the arteries
- arteriosclerotic heart disease
- chronic heart disease caused by hardening of the walls of the coronary arteries, may lead to coronary artery diesease, angina pectoris, and myocardial infarction
- atherosclerosis
- the most common form of arteriosclerosis, caused by the formation of yellowish plaques of cholesterol on the inner walls of arteries
- cardiac arrest
- complete stopping of heart activity
- cardiomyopathy
- general term for disease of the myocardium, caused by alcohol abuse, parasites, viral infection, and congestive heart failure, one of the most common reasons a patient may require a heart transplant
- coarctation of the aorta
- severe congenital narrowing of the aorta
- congenital septal defect
- a hole, present at birth, in the septum between two heart chambers, results in a mixture of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
- congestive heart failure
- pathological condition of the heart in which there is a reduced outflow of blood from the left side of the heart because the left ventricle myocardium has become too weak to efficiently pump blood, results in weakness, breathlessness, and edema
- embolus
- the obstruction of a blood vessel by a blood clot that has broken off from thrombus somewhere else in the body and traveled to the point of obstruction
- endocarditis
- inflammation of the lining membranes of the heart, due to bacteria or to an abnormal immunological response
- fibrillation
- an extremely serious arrhythmia charachterized by an abnormal quivering or contractions of heart fibers, when this occurs in the betricles, cardia arrest and death can occur, emergency epuipment to defibrillate, or convert the heart to a normal beat
- flutter
- an arrhythmia in which the atria beat too rapidly, but in a regular pattern
- heart block
- occurs when the electrical impulse is blocked from traveling down the bundle of His or bundle branches,results in the ventricles beating at a different rate than the atria
- heart balbe prolapse
- the cusps or flaps of the heart valve are too loose and fail to shut tightly, allowing blood to flow backward through the valve when the heart chamber contracts, most commonly occurs in the mitral valve, but may affect any of the heart valves
- heart valve stenosis
- the cusps or flaps of the heart are too stiff, they are unable to open fully, making it difficult for blood to flow through, or shut tightly, allowing blood to flow backward
- hemangioma
- a benign mass of blood vessels, often causing a visible dard red lesion present from birth, birthmark
- hemorrhoid
- caricose veins in the anal region
- hypertension
- blood pressure above the normal range
- hypertensive heart disease
- heart disease as a result of persistently high blood pressure, which damages the blood vessels and ultimately the heart
- hypotension
- decrease in blood pressure, can occur in shock, infection, cancer, anemia, or as death approaches
- myocardial infarction
- condition caused by the partial or complete occlusion or closing of one or more of the coronary arteries, symptoms include a squeezing pain or heavy pressure in the middle of the chest (angina pectoris), a delay in treatment could result in death, heart attack
- myocarditis
- inflammation of the muscle layer of the heart wall
- patent ductus arteriosus
- congenital heart anomaly in which the fetal connection between the pulmonary artery and the aorta fails to close at birth
- pericarditis
- inflammation of the pericardial sac around the heart
- peripheral vascular disease
- any abnormal condition offection blood vessels outside the heart, symptoms may include pain, pallor, numbness, and loss of circulation and pulses
- polyarteritis
- inflammation of several arteries
- Raynaud's phenomenon
- periodic ischemic attacks affecting the extremities of the body, especially the fingers, toes, ears, and nose, affected extremities become cyanotic and very painful, these attacks are brought on by arterial constriction due to extreme cold or emotional stress
- rheumatic heart disease
- valvular heart disease as a result of having had rheumatic fever
- tetralogy of Fallot
- combination of four congenital anomalies, pulmonary stenosis, an interventricular septal defect, improper placement of the aorta, and hypertrophy of the right ventricle, needs immediate surger to correct
- thrombophlebitis
- inflammation of a vein that results in the formation of blood clots within the vein
- thrombus
- a blood clot forming within a blood vessel, may partially or completely occlude the blood vessel
- varicose veins
- swollen and distended veins, usually in the legs
- cardiac catheterization
- passage of a thin tube (catheter) through a blood vessel leading to the heart
- cardiac enzymes
- blood test to determine the level of enxymes specific to heart muscles in the blood, increase in the enzymes may indicate heart muscle damage such as a myocardial infarction
- coronary angiography
- radiographic x-ray of the heart and large vessels after the injection of a radiopaque solution, taken in rapid sequence as the material moves through the heart
- doppler ultrasonography
- measurement of sound-wave echoes as they bounce off tissues and organs to produce an image
- echocardiography
- noninvasive diagnostic method using ultrasound to visualize internal cardiac structures
- electrocardiography
- record of the electrical activity of the heart
- Holter monitor
- portable ECG monitor worn by a patient for a period of a few hours to a few days to assess the heart and pulse activity as the person goes through the activities of daily living
- serum lipoprotein
- blood test to measure the amount of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood, indicator of atherosclerosis risk
- stress testing
- method for evaluating cardiovascular fitness, patient is placed on a treadmill or bicycle and then subjected to steadily increasing levels of work, EKG and oxygen levels are taken while the patient exercises
- venography
- x-ray of the veins by tracing the venous pulse, phlebography
- aneurysmectomy
- surgical removal of the sac of an aneruysm
- angioplasty
- surgical repair procedure of altering the structure of a vessel by dilating it using a ballone inside the vessel
- arterial anastomosis
- surgical joining together of two arteries, performed if an artery is severed or if a damaged section of an artery is removed
- cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
- procedure to restore cardiac output and oxygenated air to the lungs for a person in cardiac attest, combination of chest compressions and artificial respiration
- commissurotomy
- surgical incision to change the size of an opening
- coronary artery bypass graft
- open-heart surgery in which a blood vessel from another location in the body is grafted to route blood around a blocked coronary artery
- defibrillation
- a procedure that converts serious irregular heartbeats, such as fibrillation, by giving electric shocks to the heart using an instrument called a defibrillator
- embolectomy
- removal of an embolus or clot from a blood vessel
- endarterectomy
- excision of the diseased or damaged inner lining of an artery, usually performed to remove atherosclerotic plaques
- extracorporeal
- during open-heart surgery, the routing of blood to a heart-lung machine so it can be oxygenated and pumped to the rest of the body
- heart transplantation
- replacement of a diseased or malfunctioning heart with a donor's heart
- intracoronary artery stent
- placing a stent within a cononary artery to treat coronacy ischemia due to atherosclerosis
- ligation and stripping
- surgical treatment for varicose veins, dammaged vein is tied off and removed
- open-heart surgery
- surgery that involves incision of the heart, coronary arteries, or heart valves
- pacemaker implantation
- electrical device that substitutes for the natural pacemaker of the heart, controls the beating of the heart by a series of rhythmic electrical impulses, internal and external
- percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
- method for treating localized coronary artery narrowing, a balloon catheter is inserted through the skin into the coronary artery and inflated to dilate the narrow blood vessel
- pericardiocentesis
- insertion of a needle into the pericardial sac for the purpose of aspiration excess fluid around the heart
- thrombectomy
- surgical removal of a thrombus or blood clot from a blood vessel
- thrombolytic therapy
- drugs are injected into a blood vessel to dissolve clots and restore blood flow
- valve replacement
- excisison of a diseased heart vlave and replacemet with an artificial valve
- venipuncture
- pucture into a vein to withdraw fluids or insert medication and fluids
- antiarrhythmic
- reduces or prevents cardiac arrhythmias
- anticoagulant
- prevent blood clot formation
- antihypertensive
- lowers blood pressure
- antilipidemic
- reduces amount of cholesterol and lipids in the bloodstream, threats hyperlipidemia
- cardiotonic
- increases the force of cardiac muscle contraction, treats congestive heart failure
- diuretic
- increases urine production by the kidneys, which works to reduce plasma and therefore blood volume, lowers blood pressure
- thrombolytic
- dissoves existing blood clots
- vasoconstrictor
- contracts smooth muscle in walls of blood vessels, raises blood pressure
- vasodilator
- relaxes the smooth muscle in the walls of arteries, thereby increasing diameter of the blood vessel, increasing circulation to an ischemic area and reducing blood pressure