English Exam 2
Terms
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- Emily Dickinson
- led a quiet, reclusive life/ "Because I could not stop for death"/ "Much Madness Is Divinest Sense"- cruelty and intolerence/ "Some Keep the Sabbath Going to Church" - deep but uncoventional faith/ "I Never Saw a Moor" - faith/"Success Is Counted Sweetest" - to people who never succeed/ "Hope is the Thing with Feathers" - hope is warm and demanding
- "The Book of Wisdom"
- speaker does not know as much as he thought
- Local Color
- writing that portrays customs, dialects, etc., of a certain region of country
- Ralph Waldo Emerson
- famous Transcendentalist
- "Self-Reliance"
- holds integrity of the mind sacred/ "a foolish consistency is the hobglobin of little minds"
- Edgar Allan Poe
- probed the irrational, dark forces in humans/ modern detective story has orgins in his works/ short stories designed to produce in a single effect
- Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
- wrote "The Song of Hiawatha","The Tide Rises, the Tide Falls" - signifies powerful rhythms of nature, especially life and death/ "A Psalm of Life" - live in the present, work toward achieving goals."...Time is fleeting
- "To a Waterfowl"
- contains symbol of man's lonely journey through life
- Oliver Wendell Holmes
- "The Chambered Nautilus" - uses a shell as a symbol of spiritual growth/ presents idea that life is a preparation for death
- Anaphora
- deliberate repetition of words, phrases, or sentences at beginnings of successive clauses, sentences or paragraphs to intensify impact
- Henry David Thoreau
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went to the woods "to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had teach, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived."/ advice - "Simplify"/ left Walden Pond to try other experiments in life/ famous Transcendentalist
- "The Devil and Tom Walker"
- message that greed and selfishness will be punished/ pokes fun at heartless money leaders, misers, religious fanatics/ folk tale that warns against greed
- "Brahmins"
- James Russell Lowell, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Oliver Wendell Holmes
- "The Raven"
- presents an ominous, dreary, mysterious mood/ speaker trying to forget grief over death of loved one/ contains symbolic reminder of the necessity of loss and suffering in life
- "Concord Hymn"
- colonists fighting in Revolutionary War
- Washington Irving
- first really well-known and distinguished American Literary figure/ primary purpose in writing was to amuse and entertain
- "The Rhodora"
- speaker and flower share the same power behind creation and purpose
- "Thanatopsis"
- stresses that all humans are united in death/ emphasizes the closeness between humans and nature
- Herman Melville
- a "Dissenter"/ masterpiece - Moby Dick
- Allusion
- a reference to a literary work or to a person or even outside of literature
- Bret Harte
- local color writer; dealt with Western Frontier/ hailed as new genius of American letters
- "The American Scholar"
- calls scholar in the right state - "Man Thinking"/ most important influence upon the scholar-nature/second influence into the spirit of the scholar - mind of the past/described as our "intellectual Declaration of Independence"
- Emerson
- from "Nature" mirrors range of human emotions, suggests a return to reason and faith in the woods
- "The Fall of the House of Usher"
- Gothic tale with a gloomy setting/ most important element is mood/ tarn represents the evil that surrounds and destroys
- "Brahma"
- related to the concept of the "Over-Soul"/ presents death as an illusion in context of all eternity
- James Fenimore Cooper
- wrote The Leatherstocking Tales / gave America one of its great heroes in Natty Bumppo
- Nathaniel Hawthorne
- wrote The Scarlet Letter and The House of the Seven Gables/ a "Dissenter"
- William Cullen Bryant
- saw nature as an answer to human wants and needs / "father of American Poetry"
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- Charles Brown
- generally regarded as the first "American Gothic" novelist
- "Song of Myself"
- unity of poet and all other individuals
- "War is Kind"
- satirical poem, paints a scene of slaughter on battlefield
- "A Noiseless,Patient Spider"
- human relationships or a union with God
- Walt Whitman
- masterpiece - Leaves of Grass/ great elergy to Lincoln - "When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd/ Romantic poet / Poet of Democracy/ used free verse - poetry without regular patterns of rhyme or meter
- Hawthorne
- "The Ministers Black Veil" - veil represents hidden sin of all humans and the isolation it can cause/ a parable about secret sin/ theme of disguised evil
- Thoreau
- from "Civil Disobedience" - protest against Mexican War; "That government is best which governs least."
- Stephen Crane
- a major naturalist/ believed the individuals product of heredity and environment/ most responsible for bringing naturalism to American Literature/ realistic novel - The Red Badge of Courage
- "I Hear America Singing"
- varied individuals combined into an admirable whole