Medical Terminology Exam 3
Terms
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- arteriole
- small artery
- catheter
- tube for injecting or removing fluids
- cortex
- outer region; the renal cortex is the outer region of the kidney (cortical means pertaining to the cortex)
- hilum
- depression or pit in that part of an organ where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave
- kidney
- 1 or 2 bean-shaped organs located behind the abdominal cavity on either side of the backbone in the lumbar region
- meatus
- opening or canal
- medulla
- inner region; the renal medulla is the inner region of the kidney (medullary means pertaining to the medulla)
- micturition
- urination; the act of voiding
- renal artery
- carries blood to the kidney
- renal pelvis
- central collecting region in the kidney
- renal vein
- carries blood away from the kidney
- trigone
- triangular area in the bladder where the ureters enter and the urethra exits
- ureter
- tube leading from each kidney to the bladder
- urethra
- tube leading from the bladder to the outside of the body
- urinary bladder
- sac that holds urine
- urination
- process of expelling urine; also called micturition
- voiding
- emptying of urine from the urinary bladder; urination or micturition
- cali/o, calic/o
- calyx (calix)
- cyst/o
- urinary bladder
- glomerul/o
- glomerulus (collection of capillaries)
- meat/o
- meatus
- nephr/o
- kidney
- pyel/o
- renal pelvis
- ren/o
- kidney
- trigon/o
- trigone (region of the bladder)
- ureter/o
- ureter
- urethr/o
- urethra
- vesic/o
- urinary bladder
- albumin/o
- albumin (a protein in the blood)
- azot/o
- nitrogen
- bacteri/o
- bacteria
- dips/o
- thirst
- ket/o, keton/o
- ketone bodies (ketoacids and acetone)
- lith/o
- stone
- noct/i
- night
- olig/o
- scanty
- -poietin
- substance that forms
- py/o
- pus
- -tripsy
- to crush
- ur/o
- urine (urea)
- urin/o
- urine
- -uria
- urination, urine condition
- urinary incontinence
- loss of control of the passage of the urine from the bladder
- urinary retention
- symptom results w/ the blockage to the outflow of urine from the bladder
- glomerulonephritis
- inflammation fo the kidney glomerulus
- nephrolithiasis
- kidney stones (renal calculi)
- nephrotic syndrome
- a group of symptoms caused by excessive protein loss in the urine (also called nephrosis)
- polycystic kidneys
- multiple fluid-filled sacs (cysts) w/in & upon the kidney hereditary cond. usu. remains asymptomatic (w/out symptoms)
- pyelonephritis
- inflammation of the renal pelvis and renal medulla
-
renal cell carcinoma
(hypernephroma) - cancerous tumor of the kidney in adulthood
- renal failure
-
failure of the kidney to excrete wastes & maintain its filtration function
end-stage renal disease (ESRD) - renal hypertension
- high blood pressure resulting from kidney disease
- Wilms tumor
- malignant tumor of the kidney occuring in childhood
- bladder cancer
- malignant tumor of the urinary bladder
- diabetes insipidus
- inadequate secretion or resistance of the kidney to the action of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
- diabetes mellitus
- inadequate secretion or improper utilization of insulin
- CT scan
- X-ray image w/ detailed cross-sectional views of organs and tissues
- intravenous pyelogram (IVP)
-
X-ray image of the kidneys & ureters after injection of contrast into a vein
(also called excretory urogram) - kidneys, ureters, & bladder (KUB)
- X-ray examination (w/out contrast) of the kidneys, ureters, & bladder
- renal angiography
- X-ray examination (w/ contrast) of the vascular system (blood vessels) of the kidney
- retrograde pyelogram (RP)
- X-ray images of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder after injecting contrast through a urinary catheter into the ureters
- voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG)
- X-ray record (w/ contrast) of the urinary bladder, ureters, and urethra while the patient is expelling urine
- ultrasonography
- process of imaging urinary tract structures using high frequency sound waves
- magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
- a magnetic field and radio waves produce images of the kidney and surrounding structures in all three planes of the body
- cystoscopy
- direct visual examination of urinary bladder w/ an endoscope (cystoscope)
- dialysis
- process of seperating nitrogenous waste materials from the bloodstream when the kidneys no longer function
- hemodialysis (HD)
- uses an artificial kidney machine
- peritoneal dialysis (PD)
- uses a peritioneal catheter, fluid is intoduced into the peritoneal cavity
- extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)
- shock waves crush urinary tract stones, which then pass from the body in urine
- renal angioplasty
- dilation of narrowed areas in renal arteries
- stents
- metal meshed tube used to keep the vessel open
- renal biopsy
- removal of kidney tissue w/ microscopic examination by a pathologist
- renal transplantation
- surgical transfer of a complete kidney from a donor to a recipient
- urinary catherization
- passage of a flexible, tubular instrument through the urethra into the urinary bladder
- ARF
- acute renal failure
- BUN
- blood urea nitrogen
- Cath
- catheter, catherization
- CRF
- chronic renal failure; progressive loss of kidney function
- cysto
- cystoscopic examination
- ESRD
- end-stage renal disease; see CKD
- ESWL
- extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy
- HD
- hemodialysis
- IVP
- intravenous pyelogram
- KUB
- kidney, ureter, and bladder
- PD
- peritoneal dialysis
- UA
- urinalysis
- UTI
- urinary tract infection
- VCUG
- voiding cystourethrogram
- episiotomy
- to avoid perineal tear, it is deliberately cut on a slant b/4 delivery
- utero-ovarian ligament
- holds the ovary in place
- graafian follicles
- contains an ovum
- corpus luteum
- empty graafian follicle that secretes estrogen & progesterone after releast of the egg cell (yellow body)
- lactation
- the production of milk
- amniotic fluid
- fluid in the amniotic cavity
- afterbirth
- expelled placenta
- amnion
- innermost membrane around the developing embryo
- areola
- dark-pigmented area around the breast nipple
- Bartholin glands
- small exocrine glands at the vaginal orifice
- cervix
- lower neck portion of the uterus
- clitoris
- organ of sensitive erectile tissue anterior to the urinary meatus
- coitus
- sexual intercourse; copulation
- cul-de-sac
- region w/in the pelvis, midway b/n the rectum and the uterus
- embryo
- stage in prenatal development from implantation of the fertilized ovum until the 2nd month of pregnancy
- endometrium
- inner mucous membrane lining the uterus
- estrogen
- hormone produced by the ovaries; responsible for promoting female secondary sex characteristics
- fallopian tube
- one of a pair of ducts through which the ovum travels to the uterus
- fertilization
- union of the sperm cell and ovum from which the embryo develops
- fetus
- embryo from the eighth week after fertilization until birth
- fimbriae (plural)
- finger-like projections at the end of the fallopian tubes
- gamete
- male or female sexual reproductive cell; sperm cell or ovum
- genitalia
- reproductive organs; also called genitals
- gestation
- period from fertilization of the ovum to birth; pregnancy
- gonad
- organ in the male (testis) and female (ovary) that produces gametes
- gynecology
- study of the female reproductive organs including the breasts
- mammary papilla
- nipple of the breast. A papilla is any small nipple-shaped projection
- menarche
- beginning of the first menstrual period during puberty
- menopause
- gradual ending of menstruation
- menstruation
- monthly shedding of the uterine lining
- menses
- the normal flow of blood & tissue that occurs during menstruation
- myometrium
- muscle layer lining the uterus
- neonatology
- branch of medicine that concentrates on the care of the newborn (neonate)
- obstetrics
- branch of medicine concerned w/ pregnancy & childbirth
- orifice
- an opening
- ovary
- one of a pair of female organs (gonads)on each side of the pelvis; almond shaped, size of lg walnuts,& produce egg cells (ova) and hormones
- ovulation
- release of the ovum from the ovary
- ovum (plural: ova)
- egg cell; female gamete
- parturition
- act of giving birth
- perineum
- in females, the area b/n the anus and the vagina
- placenta
- vascular organ that develops during pregnancy in the uterine wall, its a cmcn b/n maternal & fetal bloodstreams
- pregnancy
- growth & developmental process in a woman from fertilization through embryonic & fetal periods to birth; gestation
- progesterone
- hormone produced by the corpus luteum in the ovary and the placenta of pregnant women
- puberty
- period of life when the ability to reproduce begins; secondary sex characteristics appear and gametes are produced
- uterine serosa
- outermost layer surrounding the uterus
- uterus
- female organ where embryo develops and from which menstruation occurs
- fundus
- upper portion of uterus
- corpus
- middle portion of the uterus
- vagina
- tube extending from the uterus to the exterior of the body
- vulva
- external genitalia of the female; includes the labia, hymen, and clitoris
- amni/o
- amnion
- cervic/o
- cervix, neck
- chori/o, chorion/o
- chorion
- colp/o
- vagina
- culd/o
- cul-de-sac
- episi/o
- vulva
- galact/o
- milk
- gynec/o
- woman, female
- gynecomastia
- enlargement of one or both breasts in a male; often occurs w/ relation to drugs
- hyster/o
- uterus,womb
- lact/o
- milk
- mamm/o
- breast
- mast/o
- breast
- men/o
- menses, menstruation
- metr/o, metri/o
- uterus
- my/o
- muscle
- myom/o
- muscle tumor
- nat/i
- birth
- obstetr/o
- midwife
- o/o, ov/o, ovul/o
- egg
- oophor/o, ovari/o
- ovary
- perine/o
- perineum
- phor/o
- to bear
- salping/o
- fallopian tubes
- uter/o
- uterus
- vagin/o
- vagina
- vulv/o
- vulva
- -arche
- beginning
- -cyesis
- pregnancy
- -gravida
- pregnancy
- -parous
- to bear, bring forth
- -rrhea
- discharge
- -salpinx
- uterine tube
- -tocia
- labor, birth
- -version
- act of turning
- dys-
- painful
- endo-
- within
- in-
- in
- intra-
- within
- multi-
- many
- nulli-
- no, not, none
- pre-
- before
- primi-
- first
- retro-
- backward
- carcinoma of the cervix
- malignant cells within the cervix (cervical cancer)
- cervicitis
- inflammation of the cervix
- carcinoma of the endometrium (endometrial cancer)
- malignant tumor of the uterus (adenocarcinoma)
- endometriosis
- endometrial tissue is found in abnormal locations, including the ovaries, fallopian tubes, supporting ligaments, or small intestine
- fibroids
- benign tumors in the uterus
- ovarian carcinoma
- malignant tumor of the ovary (adenocarcinoma0
- ovarian cystss
- collections of fluid within a sac (cyst) in the ovary
- pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
- inflammation in the pelvic region; salpingitis
- carcinoma of the breast
- malignant tumor of the breast (arising from milk glands and ducts)
- lumpectomy
- small primary tumors of the breast, the lump and immediately surrounding tissue is removed
- modified radical mastectomy
- which is removal of the whole breast, lymph nodes, and adjacent chest wall muscle
- fibrocystic disease
- small sacs of tissue and fluid in the breast
- abruptio placentae
- premature separation of the implanted placenta
- ectopic pregnancy
- implantation of the fertilized egg in any site other than the normal uterine location
- placenta previa
- placentla implantation over the cervical os (opening) or in the lower region of the uterine wall
- preeclampsia
- abnormal condition of pregnancy characterized by the triad of high blood pressure, proteinuria, and edema
- Apgar score
-
scores are given for heart rate, respiration, color, muscle tone, & response time
rated 0,1, or 2 max total 10 - down syndrome
- chromosomal abnormality (trisomy-21)results in mental retardation, retarded growth, a flat face w/ a short nose, low-set ears, and slanted eyes
- erythroblastosis fetalis
- hemolytic disease in the newborn caused by a blood group (Rh factor) incompatibility b/n the mother and fetus
-
hyaline membrane disease or
respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn - acute lung disease commonly seen in the premature newborn
- hydrocephalus
- accumulation of fluid in the spaces of the brain
- pyloric stenosis
- narrowing of the opening of the stomach to the duodenum
- Pap smear (test)
- microscopic examination of stained cells from the vagina and cervix
- speculum
- instrument to hold apart the vaginal walls
- pregnancy test
- blood or urine test to detect the presence of HCG
- hysterosalpingography
- X-ray imaging of the uterus and fallopian tubes after injection of contrast material
- mammography
- x-ray imaging of the breast
- pelvic ultrasonography
- record of sound waves as they bounce off organs in the pelvic region
- aspiration
- w/drawl of fluid from a cavity or sac
- cauterization
- process of burning a part of the body
- colposcopy
- visual examination of the vagina and cervix using a colposcope
- conization
- removal of a cone-shaped section of the cervix
- cyrosurgery or cryocauterization
- use of cold temps to destroy tissue
- culdocentesis
- needle aspiration of fluid from the cul-de-sac
- dilation (dilatation) and curettage (D&C)
- widening of the cervix and scraping the endometrium of the uterus
- laparoscopy
- visual examination of the abdominal cavity
- tubal ligation
- blocking the fallopian tubes to prevent fertilization from occuring
- abortion
- spontaneous or induced termination of pregnancy before the fetusc can exist on its own
- amniocentesis
- surgical puncture of the amniotic sac to w/draw amniotic fluid for analysis
- cesarean section
- surgical incision of the abdominal wall and uterus to deliver a fetus
- fetal monitoring
- use of ultrasonography to record the fetal heart rate and maternal uterine contractions during labor
- AB
- abortion
- BSE
- breast self-examination
- C-section
- cesarean section
- CIS
- carcinoma in situ
- CS
- cesarean section
- Cx
- cervix
- D&C
- dilation (dilatation) and cutterage
- DUB
- dysfunctional uterine bleeding
- FHR
- fetal heart rate
- G
- gravida (pregnant)
- GYN
- gynecology
- HDN
- hemolytic disease of the newborn
- menstrual cycle
- last 28 days
- menstrual period
- days 1-5 menstruation
- post menstrual period
- days 6-12
- ovulatory period
- days 13-14 on about day 14 ovulation occurs
- pre-menstrual period
- days 15-28
- IUD
- intrauterine device; contraceptive
- LMP
- last menstrual period
- OB
- obstetrics
- Para; P
- woman's reproductive history
- Path
- pathology