Behavior Analysis
Terms
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- constantly questioning the results/what is regarded as "truth" - critically evaluating the results/being skeptical
- Philosophical Doubt
- Behavior that can be easily observed is regarded as
- overt
- events occur as a result of other events - "the world is a lawful place."
- Determinism
- refer to the attitude of skepticism and continuous questioning of the facts and processes found in science.
- philosophic doubt
- Could you replicate the procedure after reading the description?
- Technological Applied
- Has a believable demonstration been shown of control
- Analytic
- Is the target behavior being studied important to society
- Applied
- the process by which a fully informed patient can participate in choices about her health care
- informed consent
- All behavior (except for some biologically caused actions such as those associated with Turrette's syndrome and Lesch Nyhan disease) has been learned through interaction with one's
- environment (as opposed to emerging psychological drives) and continues to be displayed because it serves a useful purpose (either producing a benefit or avoiding a punishment).
- statements that provide guiudelinesfor members of BCAB
- ethical codes of behavior
- The process of breaking a complex skill or series of behaviors into smaller, teachable units, is called a _______ _______. This also refers to the results of this process.
- task analysis.
- Behavior change interventions are derived from basic principles of behavior
- Conceptual
- Founder of experimental analysis of behavior,Very influential in the guiding practice of the science of behavior & in proposing the application of the principles of behavior to new areas,Philosophy of science became known as radical behaviorism
- BF. SKINNER
- manipulating one event (independent variable) and seeing what happens to the behavior or variable of response (dependent variable)
- Experimentation
- The actions or reactions of a person in response to external or internal stimuli
- Define behavior
- Argued that subject matter for psychology should be the study of observable behavior, not states of mind or mental processes
- Watson
- One of the first studies to report the human application of operant behavior,Arm-raising response was conditioned by injecting a small amount of a warm sugar-milk solution into participant's mouth every time he moved his right arm
- Fuller (1949)
- Behavior change proves durable over time
- Generality-
- Which design can be used to evaluate the effects of punishment contingencies as they are applied to a single target behavior in a step-wise fashion?
- changing criterion
- the practice of objective observation of the phenomenon of interest - collecting unbiased information about the phenomenon of interest.
- Empiricism
- outcomes increase the likelihood of a response happening in the future........ it increases the display of the behavior in the future
- Positive reinforcement
- -Is there an effect... of social significance or practical value to the consumer/ Independence? etc
- Effective
- states that people and animals tend to repeat behaviors that are followed by a desirable consequences, and tend not to repeat behaviors that result in undesirable outcomes.
- "law of effect"
- the definition of training trials
- consecutive presentation of one of the three behaviors used in the probe sequence
- Respondents are elicited ("brought out") by stimuli that immediately precede them
- Ivan Pavlov Respondent behavior
- First journal in U.S. To deal with applied problems & gave researchers using methodology from the experimental analysis of behavior an outlet for publishing their findings
- Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis (JABA)
- Events that occur "within one's skin" are labeled as
- covert behavior
- requires the individual to perform a set number of responses (e.g., completing addition problems on worksheets) to a stimulus (e.g., the teacher telling the student to start working on the addition problems) in order to gain reinforcement.
- Fixed ratio (FR)
- repeating the experiment to see if the same results are shown
- Replication
- If a person displays a behavior that avoids an impending punishment (or makes the punishment cease if it is already happening), there is great likelihood that the behavior will be shown again under similar circumstances. The behavior is said to be negatively reinforced, in that it is reinforcing to avoid negative things
- Negative reinforcement
- A scientific approach to improving socially significant behavior In which procedures derived from the principles of behavior are systematically applied to improve socially significant behavior...And to demonstrate experimentally that the procedures employed were responsible for the improvement in behavior
- Applied behavior analysis
- refers to how often, consistently, or predictably a behavior is followed by a reinforcing consequence.
- Schedules of Reinforcement
- Free operant refers to behaviors that have discrete beginning and ending points, require men minimal displacement of the organism in time and space, can be emitted at nearly any time, do not require much time for completion, and can be emitted over a wide range of response rates.
- free operant
- Is the behavior operationally defined/measured
- Behavioral-
- Attitudes of science constitute a set of overriding assumptions and values that guide the work of all scientists.
- Attitudes of Science
- The term that describes a situation of trust insofar as any information regarding a person receiving or having received services may not be discussed with or otherwise made available to another person or group, unless that person has provided explicit authorization for release of such information, is called _______.
- confidentiality
- economical" approach - looking for the simple explanation behind why an event occurs
- Parsimony
- If a consequence makes a behavior stop, that consequence is a "punisher". It is important to note that punishment does not result in the learning of new behaviors.
- Punishment
- Baer, Wolf, and Risley (1968) recommended the following seven defining dimensions for research or behavior change programs
- Generality,Effective,Technological Applied,Analytic,Conceptual,Applied,Behavioral
- a designated response to a stimulus receives reinforcement every time (or time period) that it is displayed. This schedule is useful in creating and strengthening a new response
- Continuous (CR)
- Applied behavior analysts often include reports of "interobserver reliability" as
- the mean agreement score plus the lowest and highest scores
- 1.Private events such as thoughts and feelings are behavior 2.Behavior that takes place within the skin is distinguished from other ("public") behavior only by its inaccessibility 3Private behavior has no special properties & is influenced by (i.e. is a function of) the same kinds of variables as publicly accessible behavior
- Radical behaviorism (Skinner's behaviorism)
- a measure of how rates of response change over time.
- Standard Celeration Chart
- People only repeat behaviors that bring benefits. If a behavior fails to ever bring about a reward or benefit, the individual loses interest in displaying it.
- Ignoring
- Repeatability: instance is a labor sponsor class can occur repeatedly through time -Temporal extent: every instance of behavior occurs during some amount of time -Temporal locus: every instance of behavior occurs at a certain point in time with respect to other events
- three fundamental, or dimensional, quantities of behavior