Acupuncture Concepts
Terms
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- What are the 4 contraindications for Acupuncture treatment?
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1. Pregnancy - relative contraindication
2. Cardiac Pacemaker - no use of electrical stimulation unless written consent obtained from cardiologist
3. Hemophilia/Anticoagulant use - avoid large veins, use with caution, no intra-articular points
4. Intra-Articular Points after total joint replacements and in immunocompromised patients - Under what circumstances can you provide acupuncture treatment to a pregnant woman with your current training?
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- only in the first trimester
- only PC6 and CV12
- only for treatment of nausea - What is the only YIN point located on the head?
- CV 24 (chengjiang)- located on the anterior midline at teh midpoint of the mentolabial groove
- Where do all 3 YIN meridians of the lower extremity meet?
- SP 6
- What is the order of the Meridians?
- Lung, Large Intestine, Stomach, Spleeen, Heart, Small Intestine, Bladder, Kidney, Pericardium, Triple Energizer, Gallbladder, Liver
- What are the YANG meridians?
- Large Intestine, Stomach, Small Intestine, Bladder, Triple Energizer, Gall Bladder, Governing Vessel
- What are the YIN Meridians?
- Lung, Spleen, Heart, Kidney, Pericaridum, Liver, Conception Vessel
- How many Lung points are there?
- 11
- How many Large Intestine points are there?
- 20
- How many Spleen points are there?
- 21
- How many Stomach points are there?
- 45
- How many Heart points are there?
- 9
- How many Small Intestine points are there?
- 19
- How many Kidney points are there?
- 27
- How many Bladder points are there?
- 67
- How many Pericardium points are there?
- 9
- How many triple energizer points are there?
- 23
- How many Liver points are there?
- 14
- How many Gall Bladder points are there?
- 44
- How many Conception Vessel points are there?
- 24
- How many Governing Vessel points are there?
- 28
- Where are the 3 upper limb Yin meridians located? What are they?
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- ventral part of upper limb
- lung, heart, pericaridum - Where are the 3 lower limb Yin merdians located? What are they?
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- medial part of the lower limb
- spleen, kidney, liver
- Where are the 3 upper limb Yang meridians located? What are they?
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- dorsal part of upper limb
- large intestine, small intestine, triple energizer - In what direction do the upper limb YIN meridians flow?
- From the chest to the hand
- Where are the 3 lower limb Yang meridians located? What are they?
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- lateral part of lower limb
- stomach, urinary bladder, gall bladder - In what directino do the 3 upper limb Yand channels flow?
- from the hand to the head
- In what direction do the three lower limb Yin channels flow?
- from the foot to the abdomen and chest
- In what direction do the 3 lower limb Yang channels flow?
- from the head to the foot
- What is the pathway of the Governing Vessel meridian?
- starts from the perineum, ascends posteriorly along the spinous processes of the spine and the midline of the head to the upper lip
- What is the pathway of the Conception Vessel meridian?
- starts from the perineum, runs anteriorlyon the midline of the pubic area, abdomen, chest and ends at the lower lip
- What times are associated with the meridians?
- Starts at 3:00am with the lung meridian, new meridian every 2 hours, ending with the liver meridian at 1:00am
- What are the first and last points of the Lung Meridian?
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LU 1 - 1 cun below LU 2, in the first intercostal space, 6 cun from the midline of the chest
LU 11 - radial nail point of thumb (base of thumbnail) - What are the first and last points of the Large Intestine Meridian?
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LI 1 - radial nail point of index finger
LI 20 - level with the bottom of the nostril, midway between the nasolabial groove and the lateral edge of the nostril - What is unique about LI 20?
- It is located on the opposite side of the body from the rest of the meridian. Also the last point on the meridian.
- What are the first and last points of the Stomach Meridian?
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ST 1 - below the pupil, between the eyeball and the infraorbital ridge
ST 45 - lateral nail point of the 2nd toe - What are the first and last points of the Spleen Meridian?
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SP 1 - medial aspect of big toe (nail point)
SP 21 - on the lateral side of the chest, on the midaxillary line, in the 6th intercostal space (between ribs 6 and 7) - What are the first and last points of the Heart Meridian?
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HT 1 - apex of the axilla
HT 9 - radial nail point of little finger - What are the first and last points of the Small Intestine Meridian?
- SI 1 - ulnar aspect of little finger
- What are the first and last points of the Bladder Meridian?
- BL 1 - medial and superior to inner campus of the eye
- What are the first and last points of the Kidney Meridian?
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KI 1 - On sole, in depression with foot in plantar flexion, at the junction of the anterior 1/3 and posterior 2/3 of line connecting base of the 2nd and 3rd toes with the heel.
KI 27 - in depression on lower border of scapula, 2 cun lateral to the CV line - What are the first and last points of the Pericardium meridian?
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PC 1 - 1 cun lateral to the nipple in a male, in the 4th intercostal space
PC 9 - tip of middle finger - What are the first and last points of the Triple Energizer meridian?
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TE 1 - ulnar nail point of 4th finger
TE 23 - in depression at lateral end of supra orbital margin - What are the first and last points of the Gall Bladder meridian?
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GB 1 - .5 cun lateral to outer canthus of eye in depression on the lateral side of the orbit
GB 44 - lateral nail point of fourth toe - What are the first and last points of the Liver meridian?
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LR 1 - lateral nail point of the big toe
LR 14 - directly below thenipple, 4 cun lateral to eh midline in the 6th intercostal space, on the mamillary line - What are the first and last points of the Conception Vessel meridian?
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CV 1 - perineum
CV 24 - centerof the mentolabial groove - What are the first and last points of the Governing Vessel meridian?
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GV 1 - perineum
GV 28 - at the junction of the gums and upper lip - What is a CUN?
- A body inch, uses the finger length or breadth of a patient as a criterion
- What can be used to measure 1 cun?
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- the distance beween the creases of the PIP and DIP joints of the middle finger
- the breadth of the PIP of the thumb - What can be used ot measure 1.5 cun?
- the breadth of the index and midddle fingers at the level of the PIP of the index finger
- What can be used to measure 3 cun?
- the breadth of the 4 fingers at the PIP of the index finger
- What is the distance between the anterior and posterior hairline?
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12 cun
- What is the distance from the anterior hairline to the glabella (eyebrows)?
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3 cun
- What is the distance from the posterior hairline to the spinous process of C7
- 3 cun
- How do you measure if the hairlines are indistinguishable?
- measure from the midline between the eyebrows to the SP of C7 as 18 cun
- What is the distance of the hairline between the two temporal regions and between the mastoid processes?
- 9 cun
- What is the distance between the two nipples?
- 9
- What is the distance from teh lower end of the sternum to the centre of the umbilicus?
- 8 cun
- What is the distance from the centre of the umbilicus to the upper border of the symphysis pubis?
- 5 cun
- What is the distance from the axillary crease to tip of the 11th rib?
- 12 cun
- What is the wideth of every rib?
- 1.6 cun
- What is the distance from the medial border of the scapula to the midline of the back?
- 3 cun
- What is the distance from the transverse axillary fold to the cubital crease?
- 9 cun
- What is the distance from the cubital crease to the transverse wrist crease
- 9 cun
- What is the distance from the Cubital crease to the transverse wrist crease? (right)
- 12 cun
- What is the distance from the upper level of the greater trochanter to the middle of the patella?
- 19 cun
- What is the distance from the middle of the patella to the tip of the lateral malleolus?
- 16 cun
- What is the distance from teh upper border of the symphysis pubis to the upper border of the femoral condyle?
- 18 cun
- What is the distance from the medial condyle of the tibia to the tip of the medial malleolus?
- 13 cun
- What is taoism?
- an ancient philosophy regarding the equal and opposite forces which coexist in the universe known as Yin and Yang
- What is anatomical acupuncture?
- combination of acupuncture knowledge and western learned anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology
- How many meridians are there?
- 12
- How do electrotherapy pointfinders detect acupuncture points?
- measures skin resistance which is lower at most acu points and in a constant location from person to person
- What are motor points?
- the point on the skin where an electrical stimulus of the lowest possible current can eoke a response of the muscle, located near the neurovascular hilus of a muscle, not at the neuromuscular junction, e.g. LI4 si the motor point for the 1st dorsal interosseus muscle in the hand
- What are segnmental points on the back?
- segmentally arranged points which allow stimulation of the posterior and anterior primary rami of the spinal nerves e.g. GV and BL points
- What are ventral points?
- points where segmental spinal nerves meet on the entral aspect of the trunkin the midline e.g. CV 4 and 12
- What are peripheral nerve points? 4 e.g.
- located adjacent to peripheral nerves e.g. LI 11 -radial, HT 7 - Ulnar, PC 6 - median, GB 30 - Sciatic
- What are musculotendinous junction points?
- points that correspond to muscle tendon junctions e.g. BL 57 in gastrocnemius
- What are intra-articular points?
- points that alllow insertion into a joint e.g. Knee eye points XL 2 and ST 35
- What are cranial nerve points
- located on the face where CNs emerge from skull foramina e.g. ST 2 infraorbital nerve
- What are the different classifiations of anatomical acupuncture points? (9)
- motor, segmental, ventral, peripheral nerve, musculotendinous junction, intra-articular, cranial nerve, scalp and auricular
- What are ashi points?
- tender points used to relief myofascial pain