Radid Review II
Terms
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- actinic keratosis
- often precedes squamous cell carcinoma
- Addison's disease
- primary adrenocortical deficiency
- Albright's syndrome
- polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, cafe au lait spots, short stature, young girls
- albuminocytologic dissociation
- Guillain-Barre (+ protein in CSF with only modest + in cell count)
- Alport's syndrome
- hereditary nephritis with nerve deafness
- anti-basement membrane
- Goodpasture's syndrome
- anticentromere antibodies
- scleroderma (CREST)
- anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies (ANA antibodies)
- SLE (type III hypersensitivity)
- anti-epithelial cell
- pemphigus vulgaris
- antigliadin antibodies
- celiac disease
- antihistone antibodies
- drug-induced SLE
- anti IgG antibodies
- rheumatoid arthritis
- antimitochondrial antibodies
- primary biliary cirrhosis
- antineutrophil antibodies
- vasculitis
- antiplatelet antibodies
- idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
- arachnodactyly
- Marfan's syndrome
- Argyll Robertson pupil
- neurosyphilis
- Arnold-Chiari malformation
- cerebellar tonsilar herniation
- Aschoff bodies
- rheumatic fever
- atrophy of the mamillary bodies
- Wernicke's encephalopathy
- Auer rods
- acute myelogenous leukemia (esp. the promyelocytic type)
- autosplenectomy
- sickle cell anemia
- Babinski's sign
- UMN lesion
- Baker's cyst in popliteal fossa
- rheumatoid arthritis
- "bamboo spine" on x-ray
- ankylosing spondylitis
- Bartter's syndrome
- hyperreninemia
- basophilic stippling of RBCs
- lead poisoning
- Becker's muscular dystrophy
- defective dystrophin; less severe than Duchenne's
- Bell's palsy
- LMN CN VII palsy
- Bence Jones proteins
- multiple myeloma (kappa or lambda Ig light chains in urine), Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia
- Berger's disease
-
-deposition of IgA in the mesangium
IgA nephropathy - Bernard-Soulier disease
- defect in platelet adhesion
- bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis
- sarcoidosis
- Birbeck granules on EM
-
-proliferation of histiocytic cells that closely resemble the Langerhans cells of the epidermis
another variant - hand-schuller-christian disease
histiocytosis X (eosinophilic granuloma) - bloody tap on LP
- subarachnoid hemorrhage
- "blue bloater"
- chronic bronchitis
- blue-domed cysts
- fibrocystic change of breast
- blue sclera
- osteogenesis imperfecta
- boot-shaped heart on x-ray
- Tetrology of Fallot; RVH
- Bouchard's nodes
- osteoarthritis (PIP swelling secondary to osteophytes)
- Boutonniere's deformity
- rheumatoid arthritis
- branching rods in oral infection
- actinomyces israelii
- "brown tumor" of bone
- hemorrhage causes brown color of osteolytic cysts: 1. hyperparathyroidism 2. osteitis fibrosa cystica (von Recklinghausen's disease)
- Brushfield's spots
-
-light colored condensations on the surface of the mid-iris
Down's syndrome - Bruton's disease
-
- b-cell deficiency
-associated with tyrosine kinase gene, low levels of all Igs
-recurrent bacterial infections after 6 months of age in boys
-absecence of tonsils and germinal ceners
X-linked agammaglobulinemia - Budd-Chiari syndrome
- posthepatic venous thrombosis
- Buerger's disease
-
-seen in smokers
-intermittent clauddication, raynaud's, severe pain
small/medium artery vasculitis - Burkitt's lymphoma
- 8:14 translocation; associated with EBV
- Burton's lines
-
- bluish line on the free border of the gingiva
lead poisoning - C-ANCA, P-ANCA
- Wegener's granulomatosis; polyartheritis nodosa
- cafe au lait spots on skin
- neurofibromatosis
- Caisson disease
- gas emboli
- calf pseudohypertrophy
- Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
- Call-Exner bodies
-
-small follicles filled with eosinophilic secretions
granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary - cardiomegaly with apical atrophy
- Chagas' disease
- cerebriform nuclei
-
- dermal infiltrates of atypical CD4+ T cells w/ . . . .
mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma) - Chagas' disease
- trypanosome infection
- chancre
- primary syphilis (painless)
- chancroid
- haemophilus ducreyi (painful)
- Charcot's triad
-
multiple sclerosis: - nystagmus - intention tremor - scanning speech
cholangitis: - jaundice - RUQ pain - fever - Charcot-Leyden crystals
-
- crystalloids of eosinophil-derived proteins
bronchial asthma (eosinophil membranes) - Chediak-Higashi disease
- phagocyte deficiency
- cherry-red spot on the macula
- Tay Sachs, Niemann-Pick disease, central retinal artery occlusion
- Cheyne-Stokes respirations
- central apnea in CHF and + intracranial pressure
- "chocolate cysts"
- endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)
- chronic atrophic gastritis
- predisposition to gastric carcinoma
- Chvostek's sign
- hypocalcemia (facial muscle spasm upon tapping)
- clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
- DES exposure in utero
- clue cells
- gardnerella vaginitis
- Codman's triangle on x-ray
- osteosarcoma
- cold agglutinins
- mycoplasma pneumoniae, infectious mononucleosis
- cold intolerance
- hypothyroidism
- condylomata lata
-
-painless wart-like lesion that occurs on warm, moist areas
secondary syphilis - continuous machinery murmur
- patent ductus arteriosus
- Cori's disease
-
-alpha 1,4 - glucosidase
debranching enzyme deficiency - Cotton-wool spots
- chronic hypertension
- cough, conjuctiitis, coryza, fever
- measles
- councilman bodies
- toxic or viral hepatitis
- Cowdry type A bodies
- herpesvirus
- crescents in Bowman's capsule
- rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis
- Crigler-Najjar syndrome
- congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia
- Curling's ulcer
- acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns
- currant-jelly sputum
- klebsiella
- Curschmann's spirals
- bronchial asthma (whorled mucous plugs)
- Cushing's ulcer
- acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury
- D dimers
- DIC
- depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra
- Parkinson's disease (basal ganglia disorder - rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)
- dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea
- pellagra (niacin, vitamin B3 deficiency)
- diabetes insipidus + exophthalmos + lesions of skull
-
-bone disease similar to histiocytosis X
Hand-Schuller-Christian disease - bug from dog or cat bite
- pasteurella multocida
- Donovan bodies
- granuloma inguinale
- Dressler's syndrome
- post-MI fibrinous pericarditis
- Dubin-Johnson syndrome
- congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)
- Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
-
frame- shift mutation
deleted dystrophin gene (X-linked recessive) - eburnation
- osteoarthritis (polished, ivory-like appearance of bone)
- Edward's syndrome
- trisomy 18 associated with rocker-bottom feet, low set ears, heart disease
- Eisenmenger's complex
- late cyanosis shunt (uncorrected, L to R shunt becomes R to L shunt)
- elastic skin
- Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
- Erb-Duchenne palsy
- superior trunk brachial plexus injury ("waiter's tip")
- erythema chronicum migrans
- Lyme disease
- Fanconi's syndrome
- proximal tubular reabsorption defect
- "fat, female, forty and fertile"
- acute cholecystitis
- fatty liver
- alcoholism
- ferruginous bodies
- asbestosis
- Gardner's syndrome
-
-auto. dominant
colon polyps along with osteomas and soft tissue tumors - Gaucher's disease
-
build up of glucocerebroside
-hepatosplenomegaly, aseptic necrosis of femur, bone crises, Gaucher's cells (macrophages)
glucocerebrosidase deficiency - Ghon focus
- primary TB
- Gilbert's syndrome
- benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia
- Glanzmann's thrombasthenia
- defect in platelet aggregation
- Goodpasture's syndrome
- autoantibodies against alveolar and glomerular basement membrane proteins
- Gowers' maneuver
- Duchenne's (use of patient's arms to help legs pick self off floor)
- Guillan-Barre syndrome
- idiopathic polyneuritis
- "hair-on-end" appearance on x-ray
- beta-thalassemia and sickle cell anemia (extramedullary hematopoeisis)
- Hand-Schuller-Christian disease
-
diabetes insipidus + exophthalmos + lesions of skull
chronic progressive histiocytosis - HbS
- sickle cell anemia
- hCG elevated
- choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo)
- Heberden's nodes
- osteoarthritis (DIP swelling secondary to osteophytes)
- Heinz bodies
-
-altered hemoglobin precipites within RBCs
G6PD deficiency - Henoch-Schonlein purpura
-
-can be seen in young kids, post streptococcal in origin
hypersensitivity vasculitis associated with hemorrhagic urticaria and URIs - heterophil antibodies
- infectious mononucleosus (EBV)
- HbF
-
-increased levels of fetal Hb throughout life
thalassemia major - high-output cardiac failure (dilated cardiomyopathy)
-
wet beriberi (thiamine, vitamin B1 deficiency)
dilated can also be caused by alcohol abuse, coxsackie B, chronic cocaine abuse, Chagas' disease, doxorubicin toxicity, hemochromatosis - HLA B27
- Reiter's syndrome, ankylosing spondylitis
- HLA DR3 or -DR4
- diabetes mellitus type 1 (caused by autoimmune destruction of beta cells)
- Homer Wright rosettes
-
-most common tumor of the adrenal medulla in children
neuroblastoma - honeycomb lung on x-ray
- interstitial fibrosis
- Horner's syndrome
- ptosis, miosis and anhidrosis
- Howell-Jolly bodies
- splenectomy (or nonfunctional speen)
- Huntington's disease
- caudate degeneration (autosomal dominant)
- hyperphagia + hypersexuality + hyperorality + hyperdocility
- Kluver-Bucy syndrome (amygdala)
- hyperpigmentation of the skin
- primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease)
- hypersegmented neutrophils
- macrocytic anemia
- hypertension + hypokalemia
- Conn's syndrome
- hypochromic microcytosis
- iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning
- increased alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid / maternal serum
- anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defects)
- increase uric acid levels
- Gout, Lesch-Nyhan sydrome, myeloproliferative disorders, loop and thiazide diuretics
- intussusception
- adenovirus (causes hyperplasia of Peyer's patches)
- Janeway lesions
-
-irregular, erythematous, flat, painless macules on the palms, soles, thenar and hypthenar eminences of the hands, tips of teh fingersm and plantar surfaces of the toes
endocarditis - Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction
- syphilis - overaggressive treatment of an asymptomatic patient that causes symptoms due to rapid lysis
- Job's syndrome
-
-failure of gamma-interferon production by helper T cells
neutrophil chemotaxis abnormality - Karposi's sarcoma
-
-vascular tumor
AIDS in MSM (men who have sex with men) - Kartagener's syndrome
- dynein defect
- Kayser-Fleischer rings
- Wilson's disease
- Keratin pearls
- squamous cell carcinoma
- Kimmelstein Wilson nodules
- diabetic nephropathy
- Kluver Bucy syndrome
- bilateral amygdala lesions
- Koilocytes
- HPV
- Koplik spots
- measles
- Krukenberg tumor
- gastric adenocarcinoma with ovarian metastases
- Kussmaul hyperpnea
- diabetic ketoacidosis
- lens dislocation + aortic dissection + joint hyperflexibility
- Marfan's syndrome (fibrillin defect)
- Lesch Nyhan syndrome
- HGPRT deficiency
- Lewy bodies
- Parkinson's disease
- Libman Sacks disease
-
-vegetations can be on both sides of valve leaflets
endocarditis associated with SLE - Lines of Zahn
-
-formed in areas of active blood flow
-alternate dark gray layers of platelets interspersed wtih lighter layers of fibrin
arterial thrombus - Lisch nodules
- neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen's disease)
- low serum ceruloplasmin
- Wilson's disease
- Lucid interval
- epidural hematoma
- "lumpy bumpy" appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence
- poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
- lytic bone lesions on x-ray
- multiple myeloma
- Mallory bodies
- alcoholic liver disease
- Mallory-Weiss syndrome
- esophagogastic lacerations
- McArdle's disease
- muscle phosphorylase deficiency
- McBurney's sign
- appendicitis
- MLF syndrome (INO)
-
-convergence is normal, nystagmus in abducting eye, medial rectus palsy on attempted lateral gaze
multiple sclerosis - monoclonal antibody spike
-
multiple myeloma (called the M protein; usually IgG or IgA),
MGUS (monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance),
Waldenstrom's (M protein = IgM) macroglobulinemia - myxedema
- hypothyroidism
- necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis
- Wegener's and Goodpasture's (hemoptysis and glomerular disease)
- needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals
- gout
- Negri bodies
- rabies
- nephritis + cataracts + hearing loss
- Alport's syndrome
- neurofibrillary tangles
- Alzheimer's disease
- Niemann Pick disease
- sphingomyelinase deficiency
- no lactation postpartum
- Sheehan's syndrome (pituitary infarction)
- nutmeg liver
- CHF
- occupational exposure to asbestos
- malignant mesothelioma
- "Orphan Annie" nuclei
- papillary carcinoma of the thyroid
- Osler's nodes
-
-soft, tender nodular cutaneous lesion in the pads of fingers or toes
endocarditis - owl's eye
- CMV
- painless jaundice
- pancreatic cancer (head)
- palpable purpura on legs and buttocks
- Henoch Schonlein purpura
- Pancoast's tumor
- bronchogenic apical tumor associated with Horner's syndrome
- Pannus
- rheumatoid arthritis
- Parkinson's disease
- nigrostriatal dopamine depletion
- periosteal elevation on x-ray
- pyogenic osteomyelitis
- Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
- benign polyposis
- Peyronie's disease
- penile fibrosis
- Philadelphia chromosome (bcr-abl)
- CML (may sometimes be associated with AML)
- Pick bodies
- Pick's disease
- Pick's disease
- progressive dementia, similar to Alzheimer's
- "pink puffer"
- emphysema (centroacinar [smoking], panacinar [alpha1 antitrypsin deficiency])
- Plummer-Vinson syndrome
- esophageal webs with iron deficiency anemia
- Podagra
- gout (MP joint of hallux)
- podocyte fusion
- minimal change disease
- polyneuropathy, cardiac pathology and edema
- dry beriberi (thiamine, vitamin B1 deficiency)
- polyneuropathy preceded by GI or respiratory infection
- Guillan Barre syndrome
- Pompe's disease
- lysosomal alpha- 1,4-glucosidase deficiency associated with cardiomegaly
- port-wine stain
- hemangioma
- positive anterior "drawer sign"
- anterior cruciate ligament injury
- Pott's disease
- vertebral tuberculosis
- pseudopalisade tumor cell arrangement
- glioblastoma multiforme
- pseudorosettes
- Ewing's sarcoma
- ptosis, miosis and anhidrosis
- Horner's syndrome (Pancoast's tumor)
- rash on palms and soles
- secondary syphilis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever
- Raynaud's syndrome
- recurrent vasospasm in extremities
- RBC casts in urine
- acute glomerulonephritis
- recurrent pulmonary Pseudomonas and S. aureus infections
- cystic fibrosis
- red urine in the morning
- paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
- Reed-Sternberg cells
- Hodgkin's lymphoma
- Reid index (increased)
- chronic bronchitis
- Reinke crystals
- Leydig cell tumor
- Reiter's syndrome
- urethritis, conjunctivitis and arthritis
- renal cell carcinoma + cavernous hemangiomas + adenomas
- von Hippel-Lindau disease
- renal epithelial casts in urine
- acute toxic/viral nephrosis
- rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent
- pseudogout
- rib notching
- coarctation of the aorta
- Roth's spots in retina
- endocarditis
- Rotor's syndrome
- congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia
- Rouleaux formations (RBCs)
- multiple myeloma
- Russell bodies
- multiple myeloma
- S3
-
-end of rapid ventricular filling
L to R shunt (VSD, PDA, ASD), mitral regurgitation, LV failure (CHF) - S4
- aortic stenosis, hypertrophic subaortic stenosis
- Schiller-Duval bodies
- yolk sac tumor
- senile plaques
- Alzheimer's disease
- Sezary syndrome
- cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
- Sheehan's syndrome
- postpartum pituitary necrosis
- Shwartzman reaction
-
a generalized reaction following two intravenous injections of endotoxin separated by 24 hours; it is characterized by widespread hemorrhages, bilateral necrosis kidneys, fall in leukocyte and platelet counts
Neisseria meningitidis - signet-ring cells
- gastric carcinoma
- Simian crease
- Down's syndrome
- Sipple's syndrome
-
-pheochromocytoma, medullary CA of the thyroid, and hyperparathyroidism
MEN type IIa - Sjorgen's syndrome
- dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis
- skip lesions
- Crohn's
- slapped cheek appearance
-
-parvovirus
erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) - Smith antigen
- SLE
- "smudge cell"
- CLL
- soap bubble on the x-ray
- giant cell tumor of bone
- spike and dome on EM
-
-nephrotic syndrome
membranous glomerulonephritis - Spitz nevus
- benign juvenile melanoma
- splinter hemorrhages in fingernails
- endocarditis
- starry-sky pattern
- Burkitt's lymphoma
- "strawberry tongue"
-
-caused by strep. toxin, rash begins on the trunk and neck, and then proceedds to the extremeties, sparing the face
Scarlet fever - streaky ovaries
- Turner's syndrome
- string sign on x-ray
- Crohn's disease
- subepithelial humps on EM
- poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
- suboccipital lymphadenopathy
- Rubella
- sulfur granules
- Actinomyces israelii
- swollen gums, bruising, poor wound healing, anemia
- scurvy (ascorbic acid, vitamin C deficiency) - vitamin C is necessary for hydroxylation of proline and lysine in collagen synthesis
- systolic ejection murmur (crescendo-decrescendo)
- aortic valve stenosis
- t(8;14)
- Burkitt's lymphoma (c-myc activation)
- t(9;22)
- Philadelphia chromosome, CML (bcr-abl) hybrid