Pulmonary Pathology I
Terms
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- What are the three general causes of atelectasis?
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1. External compression
2. Brochiole obstruction
3. Inability to expand the lung - What are the three general causes of Pulmonary Edema?
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1. Increased hdrostatic pressure
2. decreased oncotic pressure
3. Leaky vessels - List the effects of a massive pulmonary emoblism obstruction a primary vessel
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Right heart failure from overfilling, JVD, edema, atelectasic and hemorrhage.
Left heart failure from decreased filling, hypotension and shock - How does a pulmonary emoblism usually present (3 Sx)
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1. Cyanosis
2. Tachycardia
3. Dyspnea - What incrases the likelihood of a pulmonary infarct and why?
- CHF limits the ability of anastomses to compensate for occluded vasculature
- These are generally located on the periphery and are associated with plueral effusion
- Pulmonary Infarcts
- What is the presentation of a pulmonary infarct
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Dyspnea
Hemoptysis
Chest Pain
Fever
Cough - What is the average pulmonary blood pressure
- 19/6, mean 11
- Sx of pulmonary hypertension
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chest pain
SOB
Syncope
Fatigue
Cor Pulmonale - List the three general characteristics of pulmonary vasculitis
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1. Angiitis
2. Granulatomis inflammation
3. Necrosis - What are the 5 types of pulmonary vasculitis
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1. Wegener's granulomatous
2. Allergic angiitis w/ gramulomatous of Churg-Strauss
3. necrotizing Sarcoidosis
4. Bronchocentric granulomatous
5. Lymphamotoid granulomatis - What is the differential Dx for Wegener's Granulomatosis? What is the distinguishing characteristic?
- Infections granulomas from TB and fungal infectiosn are very likely. They generally are much less necrotic than Wegener's
- This disease is characterized by involvement of upper respiratory tract, lungs and kidneys
- Wegener's Granulomatosis
- 90% of affect pateints are males w/ mean age 21. Affects lumonary/renal basement membranes
- Goodpature's Disease
- Intra-alveoloar hemorrhage due to acute necrotizing vasculitis of alveolar septae
- Systemic Lupus Erytematosus
- No renal involement of antibodies to pulmonary alveolar and renal basement membranes. 80% are 16 y/o or less
- Idiopathic Pulmonary Hemosiderosis
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1. Has a granular staining for immunoglobulins and complement?
2. Has linera IgG deposist? -
1. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
2. Goodpasture's Disease