MB Tidbits
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- What is an inhibitory co-receptor for lymphocytes?
- CD5
- What substance will turn a T Cell into a T regulatory cell?
- TGF-B
- What turns a T Cell into a T effector cell?
- IL-6
- What sort of self-affinity does a T Reg cell have?
- Medium self affinity
- What is the main checkpoint for periphreal tolerance in B Cells?
- Naive to Mature B Cells
- What are four immunopriveldged sites?
-
1. Brain
2. Eye
3. Testes
4. Uterus - All IL-2 receptors require what to transduce their signal?
- A common gamma chain.
- IL-2 and GFs can use what particular type of signalling?
- Autocrine
- Interferons can use what type of signalling in reponse to an infection?
- Paracrine
- When TNF is causing widespread shock, what type of signalling is that?
- Endocrine
- What IL is required for maturation of B Cells?
- IL-7
- What are the innate cytokines?
- IL-1, 6, 12, TNF, INF-A, TNF-B
- What are the adaptive cytokines?
- IL-2, 4, 5, 6
- What are the short term effects of INF-A,B?
-
1. Increased expression of MHC-1
2. Induces endonucleases and proteases to cleave viral RNA/DNA - What are the effects of INF-G?
-
1. Increases expression of MHC-II on APCs
2. Activates Macrophages
3. Promotoes B and T proliferation - TNF induces expression of what TLR? What ILs do TNF upregulate?
-
1. TLR-4
2. IL-1 and they both promote IL-6 - What IL induces the upregulation of acute phase proteins?
- IL-6
- What is the main IL in the growth of B cells?
- IL-6
- What does Haptoglobin do?
- Scavenges Free Radicals
- What IL causes T Cells to mature into either TH1 or TH2 cells?
- IL-2
- What does TH1 do?
- It releases cytokines for cell-mediated immunity.
- What does TH2 do?
- It is involved in more of a humoral immunogenic response.
- What cytokine can help put luekemia into remission when injected?
- INF-A
- Soluble TNF receptors are used to treat what?
- RA
- What is used to treat MS?
- INF-B
- Serum levels of what protein can be checked to see if someone had a massive mast cell reaction?
- Mast Cell Tryptase
- Which IL can help in sensitizing IgE for an allergic reaction?
- IL-4
- The late phase of an allergic reaction is primarily due to what cytokine?
- TNF
- The Arthus reaction is an example of what type of hypersensitivity?
- Type 3
- DiGeorger syndrome is a triad of what symptoms?
-
1. Hypoparathyroidism
2. Heart Malformations
3. Thymic hypoplasia - DiGeorge patients have a deletion on which chromosome?
- Chromosome 22
- SCID patients lack what anatomically?
- Tonsils and lymph nodes
- What IL has been found to be defective in patients who cannot develop their T Cells?
- IL-7
- How is Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome inheited?
- X-Linked
- Patients with Chronic Granulomatous Disorder typically die of what?
- Aspergillus pneumonia
- What does properdin do?
- Stabilizes the alternative pathway C3 convertase
- Deficiencies in the terminal complement pathway, at least C5 through C8 including properdin, have a tendency to present with what?
- Neisserial Infections
- In testing the complement pathway, if only the alternative pathway is slow, then what is impaired?
- Properdin or Factor B
- RA nodules in the lungs are referred to as what syndrome?
- Caplan's Syndrome
- In RA, the leading edge produces what factors?
- Inflammatory factors such as IL-1 and TNF
- What is the strongest risk factor for RA?
- Genetic abnormalities in HLA-DR
- Blocking CD20 in people with RA lead to the decline of what?
- Circulating B Cells that produce RF
- RF is an antibody against what?
- The patient's own IgG
- Antibodies to what are highly specific to RA?
- Citrullinated proteins
- CTLA-4 binds to what?
- CD80(B7) on B cells
- The loss of what receptor that is inhibitory in B Cells is seen in SLE?
- CD32
- What are three extrinsic ways a B Cell can be abnormally activated?
-
1. It can see a self antigen in an immune complex
2. It can see a self antigen in conjunction with a prosurvival molecule (BLyS)
3. A B Cell can get abnoral activation signals from a T Cell - People who are deficient in what almost always develop SLE?
- C1q
- What is normally released when a macrophage picks up an apoptotic vessel? What happens when the vessel isn't coated with the correct proteins?
-
1. TGF-B
2. TNF is release - Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells (pDCs) secrete what?
- Type 1 INFs
- Which type of T Cell is used in graft rejection?
- CD4 T Cells
- Will transplants from parent to child fail?
- No
- Will transplants from child to parent fail?
- Yes
- Hyperactue Rejection is mediated by what?
- Antibodies
- What does the Class 1 INF drive in response to an infection?
- NK reponse
- What part of the MHC II complex does a CD4 T Cell bind to?
- Nonpolymorphic region of the β2 domain of the β-chain
- What part of the MHC I complex does a CD8 T Cell bind to?
- CD8 binds to a nonpolymorphic region of the α3 domain of the heavy chain of MHCI.
- What does signal 2 cause in T Cells?
- Expression of IL-2 and
- If a B Cell is exposed to IL-4 it causes the cell to switch to what isotype?
- IgE or IgG1