Parasitology 2
Terms
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- Histozoic parasites
- parasites living within tissues
- Coelozoic parasites
- living in luman of tube/hollow organ; parasite living in a specific part of body
- epidemiology
- the study of dieseases and the onset; study of transmission and distribution of diseases
- vector
- means of transmission
- infrapopulation
- all individuals of a single parasitic species in one host
- suprapopulation
- all individuals in a single parasitic species in the life cycle in all hosts in an ecosystem
- helminth
- worm or vermend
- enterobius or vermicularis
- most common parasite; pinworm in children
- parasitic neurosis
- telling someone they have a parasite
- epizootics
- identical to an epidemic but in animals
- host
- orgamism that harbors another organism
- reservoir host
- wild animals can tolerate it but domestic animals subcomb to infection
- zoonosis
- animal parasite moving to humans
- symbiosis
- relationship of one species to another--in/on
- Free-living species
-
a species lives off another without compromising anyone else
-ofter invades dead host - phoresy or phoresis
- relationship where neither organism is physiologically dependent on the other
- mutualism
- relationship where both species benefit
- cleaning symbiosis
- mutualistic, one organism helps clean other
- commensalism
- Relationship where one organism benefits and the other is not affected
- Facultative commensalism
- organism is physically able to leave the host
- obligate commensalism
- one organism cannot leave the organism or it will perish
- Parasitism
- relationship where one organism benefits where the other is harmed
- ectoparasites
- parasites found on the outside of body
- endoparasites
- parasites that live internally
- Obligate parasitism
- parastie spends some of their life cycle within the host; some of the life cycle may be outside the host
- Facultative parasitism
- not normally a parasite but can be when accidentally ingested or enter body
- Accidental/incidental parasites
- Parasites that live in a host they normally don't
- permanent parasite
- spend entire adult life in host
- temporary/intermittent parasite
- parasites that feed on host and then leave
- parasitoid
- acts like a parasite, usually insect, but immature stage ends up killing host
- definitive host
- host where parasite reaches maturity
- intermediate host
- some development occurs but doesn't reach sexual maturity
- Paratenic/Transport Host
-
host that allows parasite to complete life cycle.
-this increases the parasite's survival - high host specificity
-
can mature in one species
ex. cestodes, taenia solium - absolute host specificity
- can develop in one specific species
- low host specificity
- can develop in a wide range of species
- hyperparasitism
- parasites have parasites
- reproductive potential
- organism must reproduce successfully or extinction will occur
- Multiple fission
- instead of single mitotic division, several occur before cytoplasmic division
- schizogony
- cytoplasmic division
- hermaphroditism
- both female and male
- strobilization
- occurs in cestodes, each section contains thousands of eggs and they're disperses when section is shed
- hexagonoporus
- in whales and times for birthing season, 45,000 proglottids
- Matacestodes
-
budding, many scolices (head) in a fluid-filled bladder. Each is capable of becoming another worm, usually intermediate host
ex. dog is definate host for taenia pisiforms (bladderworms) It will release eggs and proglottids in dog (shits). Eggs are in grass--> intermediate host=rabbits--> dog eats rabbit - List 5 factors affecting Disease & Epidemic
-
1. crowding of host
2. age of population of host
3. health of population of host
4. sanitation levels
5. others-size of parasitic population - Prevalence
-
# host infected
% __________________
# examined hosts - Mean Intensity
-
# individuals of parasite species in sample of host species
_______________________________________
# infected individuals of host species in sample - Intensity
- Infrapopulation
- site
- tissue, organ, part of host where parasite was found
- pathogenesis
-
production and development of diseases
-what happens from time you're infected till you die/better - tolerance
-
how much one organism can stand
-40 vs. 1 w/ severe effects - poor parasite
- immune system easity detects and is quickly dealt with
- good parasite
- immune system doesn't recognize parasite and can't be dealt with immediately; hard to get rid of
- plasmodium
-
excellent parasite
causes malaria in humans - babesia
-
excellent parasite
causes malaria in cattle - trypanosoma
-
excellent parasite
causes African Sleeping Sickness - Which parasites reproduce asexually by means of binary fission?
-
1. Phylum Sarcomastigophora (sarcodina ameba flagellates)
2. Phylum Ciliophora (ciliates)
3. SubPhylum Sarcodina - Which parasites reproduce asexually be means of multiple fission?
-
1. SubPhylum Sarcodina
2. Phylum Apicomplexa (coccidia) - What does sichzogony produce?
-
(cytoplasmic division)
merozoites or merogony - During sichzogony, cells are called what?
- schizont, meront, segmentor
- sporogony
- multiple fission after union of gamates
- endopolyogeny or endodyogeny
- budding
- gametogeny
- sexual process
- gamonts
- cells responsible for producing gamates
- syngamy (during meiosis)
- union of entire cell
- conjugation (during meiosis)
- union of nuclei only
- Trophozoite
- mobile mode
- cyst
- resting stage, stage of survival