LSU FETI Paramedic Drugs
Terms
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- DEXAMETHASONE Class
- Steroid
- DEXAMETHASONE Mechanism of Action
- prevents accumulation of inflammatory cells at sites of infection or injury.
- DEXAMETHASONE Indications
- cerebral edema, anaphylaxis, asthma and COPD
- DEXAMETHASONE Contraindications
- None in the emergency setting.
- DEXAMETHASONE Side Effects
- Moon face swelling, water retension.
- DEXAMETHASONE Dosage
- 4 - 20mg IV
- DEXAMETHASONE Special Considerations
- Avoid SC injection; atrophy and sterile abscesses may occur.
- DEXAMETHASONE Trade Name
- Decadron
- DIAZEPAM Trade Name
- Valium
- DIAZEPAM Class
- Anti-convulsant
- DIAZEPAM Mechanism of Action
- Intensifies activity of gamma-aminobenzoic acid (GABA), by interfering with its reuptake and promoting its accumulation at neuronal synapses
- DIAZEPAM Indications
- Seizure activity
- DIAZEPAM Contraindications
- CNS depression
- DIAZEPAM Side Effects
- Respiratory depression
- DIAZEPAM Dosage
-
5 - 10mg IV slow
10 - 20mg IM - DIAZEPAM Special Considerations
- Due to short half-life, seizue activity may recur.
- KETOROLAC Class
- NSAID
- KETOROLAC Trade Name
- Toradol
- KETOROLAC Mechanism of Action
- Inhibits protaglandin synthesis decreasing swelling and pain
- KETOROLAC Indications
- Mild to moderate
- KETOROLAC Contraindications
- Avtive G.I. Bleeding
- KETOROLAC Side Effects
- G.I. irratability
- KETOROLAC Dosage
- 30mg IV, 60mg IM
- KETOROLAC Special Considerations
-
Monitor for signs and symptoms of bleeding. Ketorolac decreases platelet aggregation and thus may prolong bleeding
time - MIDAZOLAM Class
- Anti-convulsant
- MIDAZOLAM Trade Name
- Versed
- MIDAZOLAM Mechanism of Action
- Intensifies activity of gamma-aminobenzoic acid (GABA), by interfering with its reuptake and promoting its accumulation at neuronal synapses
- MIDAZOLAM Indications
- Rapid sequence induction (RSI), sedation, cardio conversion
- MIDAZOLAM Contraindications
- CNS depression
- MIDAZOLAM Side Effects
- Respiratory depression
- MIDAZOLAM Dosage
- .02mg/kg up to 5mg max dosage
- MIDAZOLAM Special Considerations
- During IV infusion, inspect injection site for redness, pain,swelling, and other signs of extravasation.
- MEPERIDINE Trade Name
- Demerol
- MEPERIDINE Class
- Narcotic Analgesic
- MEPERIDINE Mechanism of Action
- Stimulates opioid receptor sites, decreasing sensitivity to pain
- MEPERIDINE Indications
- Moderate to severe pain
- MEPERIDINE Contraindications
- Abdominal pain, head injury
- MEPERIDINE Side Effects
- Respiratory depression
- MEPERIDINE Dosage
- 50mg IV, 100mg IM
- MEPERIDINE Special Considerations
- Pregnancy Category B
- MORPHINE Trade Name
- MS Contin
- MORPHINE Class
- Narcotic Analgesic
- MORPHINE Mechanism of Action
- Stimulates opioid receptor sites, decreasing sensitivity to pain
- MORPHINE Indications
- Severe pain, MI
- MORPHINE Contraindications
- Abdominal pain, head injury
- MORPHINE Side Effects
- Respiratory depression
- MORPHINE Dosage
- 2mg/min up to 10mg max dosage
- MORPHINE Special considerations
- Pregnancy Category B
- NITROUS OXIDE Trade Name
- Nitronox
- NITROUS OXIDE Class
- Analgesic gas
- NITROUS OXIDE Mechanism of Action
- Decreases sensation of pain
- NITROUS OXIDE Indications
- Mild pain, acute anxiety
- NITROUS OXIDE Contraindications
- Intoxication, COPD, altered LOC
- NITROUS OXIDE Side Effects
- Hypotension
- NITROUS OXIDE Dosage
- PRN
- NITROUS OXIDE Special considerations
-
Only use nitrous oxide in areas
that are well ventilated. - PANCURONIUM Trade Name
- Pavulon
- PANCURONIUM Class
- Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker
- PANCURONIUM Mechanism of Action
- Blocks ACH receptor sites at the neuromuscular junction, causing paralysis
- PANCURONIUM Indications
- To facilitate endotracheal intubation
- PANCURONIUM Contraindications
- Inability to control airway
- PANCURONIUM Side Effects
- Transient hypotension
- PANCURONIUM Dosage
- 0.1mg/kg IV slow
- PANCURONIUM Special Considerations
- Pregnancy Category C
- VECURONIUM Trade Name
- Norcuron
- VECURONIUM Class
- Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker
- VECURONIUM Mechanism of Action
- Blocks ACH receptor sites at the neuromuscular junction, causing paralysis
- VECURONIUM Indications
- To facilitate endotracheal intubation
- VECURONIUM Contraindications
- Inability to control airway
- VECURONIUM Side Effects
- Transient hypotension
- VECURONIUM Dosage
- 0.1mg/kg IV slow
- VECURONIUM Special Considerations
- Pregnancy Category C
- SUCCINYLCHOLINE Trade Name
- Anectine
- SUCCINYLCHOLINE Class
- Depolarizing neuromuscular blocker
- SUCCINYLCHOLINE Mechanism of Action
- Mimics ACH at the neuromuscular junction causing constant muscle contractions
- SUCCINYLCHOLINE Indications
- To facilitate endotracheal intubation.
- SUCCINYLCHOLINE Contraindications
- Inability to control airway
- SUCCINYLCHOLINE Side Effects
- Hypotension, respiratory depression
- SUCCINYLCHOLINE Dosage
- 1 - 2 mg/kg
- SUCCINYLCHOLINE Special Considerations
- Rapid action, short term. Premedication with lidocaine will prevent dysrhythmias
- MANNITOL Trade Name
- Osmitrol
- MANNITOL Class
- Osmotic diuretic
- MANNITOL Mechanism of Action
- Increases intravascular volume through osmosis due to its high molecular weight
- MANNITOL Indications
- Cerebral edema
- MANNITOL Contraindications
- Chronic renal failure, cerebral hemorrhage
- MANNITOL Side Effects
- excessive urination
- MANNITOL Dosage
- 1g/kg
- MANNITOL Special Considerations
- Very thick, use 14 gauge needles. Pregnancy category C
- ADENOSINE Trade Name
- Adenocard
- ADENOSINE Class
- Antidysrhythmic
- ADENOSINE Mechanism of Action
- Slows SVT by decreasing electrical conduction through the AV node without causing negative inotropic effects
- ADENOSINE Indications
- Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW)
- ADENOSINE Contraindications
- A-Fib, 2nd or 3rd degree AV block
- ADENOSINE Side Effects
- Transient Asystole, transient chest pain
- ADENOSINE Special considerations
- Very short half-life of about 10 seconds.
- AMIODARONE Trade Name
- Cordarone
- AMIODARONE Class
- Antidysrhythmic
- AMIODARONE Mechanism of Action
- decreases excitability and sensitivity of the heart, causing negative dromotropism.
- AMIODARONE Indications
- All dysrhythmias
- AMIODARONE Contraindications
- Heart block
- AMIODARONE Side Effects
- Hypotension
- AMIODARONE Special Considerations
- Do not shake medication before using
- ASPIRIN Trade Name
- St Joseph Children’s
- ASPIRIN Class
- Analgesic, Anti-platelet
- ASPIRIN Mechanism of Action
- Inhibits prostoglandin systhesis and platelet aggregation
- ASPIRIN Indications
- chest pain
- ASPIRIN Contraindications
- G.I. Bleed
- ASPIRIN Side effects
- upset stomach
- ASPIRIN Special Considerations
-
Gastric irritation may be minimized by administering with
a full glass of water (240 mL), or with milk, food, or
antacid - ATROPINE Trade Name
- Atropine
- ATROPINE Class
- Parasympatholytic
- ATROPINE Mechanism of Action
-
selectively blocks all muscarinic responses to
acetylcholine (ACh) causing a decrease in Parasympathetic response (SLUDGE) - ATROPINE Indications
- Bradycardia, organophosphate poisoning
- ATROPINE Contraindications
- None in emergency situations
- ATROPINE Side Effects
- Tachycardia
- ATROPINE Special Considerations
-
Atropine is indicated only after
oxygen and epinephrine fail. - BRETYLIUM Trade Name
- Bretylol
- BRETYLIUM Class
- Antidysrhythmic
- BRETYLIUM Mechanism of Action
- Causes a release of norepinephrine, depresses v-fib and v-tach by blocking adrenergic receptor sites
- BRETYLIUM Indications
- v-fib, v-tach
- BRETYLIUM Contraindications
- none in life threatening dysrhythmias
- BRETYLIUM Side Effects
- transite hypertension
- BRETYLIUM Special Considerations
- Bretylium has been removed from ACLS algorithms
- DILTIAZEM Trade name
- Cardizem
- DILTIAZEM Class
- Calcium channel blocker
- DILTIAZEM Mechanism of Action
- Inhibits calcium ION influx during depolarization causing negative dromotropism
- DILTIAZEM Indications
- SVT, A-fib, unstable angina
- DILTIAZEM Contraindications
- 2nd or 3rd degree heart block, BP < 90 systolic
- DILTIAZEM Side Effects
- Hypotension, bradycardia
- DILTIAZEM Special Considerations
- Calcium chloride can be used in overdose situations.
- DOPAMINE Trade Name
- Intropin
- DOPAMINE Class
- Sympathomimetic
- DOPAMINE Mechanism of Action
- Acts on dopaminergic receptors causing renal, mesenteric and cerebral vasodialation.
- DOPAMINE Indications
- Cardiogenic shock
- DOPAMINE Contraindications
- Hypovolemic shock
- DOPAMINE Side Effects
- Hypertension
- DOPAMINE Special Considerations
- Pregnancy catagory C
- EPINEPHRINE Trade Name
- Adrenaline
- EPINEPHRINE Class
- Sympathomimetic
- EPINEPHRINE Mechanism of Action
- Acts directly on both alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors, imitating actions of the sympathetic nervous system
- EPINEPHRINE Indications
- Anaphylaxis, cardiac arrest
- EPINEPHRINE Contraindications
- cardiogenic shock
- EPINEPHRINE Side Effects
- Transient dysrhythmias
- EPINEPHRINE Special Considerations
- Pregnancy Category C
- FUROSEMIDE Trade Name
- Lasix
- FUROSEMIDE Class
- Loop diuretic
- FUROSEMIDE Mechanism of Action
- Inhibits reabsorbtion of sodium chloride in the proximal tubule and loop of henle
- FUROSEMIDE Indication
- Pulmonary edema, CHF
- FUROSEMIDE Contraindications
- Chronic renal failure, hypovolemia
- FUROSEMIDE Side effects
- Dehydration, hypotension
- FUROSEMIDE Special Considerations
- Pregnancy Category C
- ISOPROTERENOL Trade Name
- Isuprel
- ISOPROTERENOL Class
- Sympathomimetic
- ISOPROTERENOL Mechanism of Action
- stimulation of beta1 and beta2 adrenergic receptors, causing positive inotropic and chronotropic effects
- ISOPROTERENOL Indications
- Bradycardia
- ISOPROTERENOL Contraindications
- Cardiogenic shock
- ISOPROTERENOL Side Effects
- Tachycardia
- ISOPROTERENOL Special Considerations
-
Can potentially cause
cardiac toxicity - LABETALOL Trade Name
- Trandate
- LABETALOL Class
- Beta Blocker
- LABETALOL Mechanism of Action
- Adrenergic-receptor blocking agent that combines selective alpha activity and nonselective beta-adrenergic blocking actions
- LABETALOL Indications
- Acute hypertensive crisis
- LABETALOL Contraindications
- Asthma
- LABETALOL Side Effects
- Hypotension
- LABETALOL Special Considerations
- Do not use with IV calcium channel blockers.
- LIDOCAINE Trade Name
- Xylocaine
- LIDOCAINE Class
- Antidysrhythmic
- LIDOCAINE Mechanism of Action
- Negative dromotropism, decreases sensitivy
- LIDOCAINE Indications
- V-tach, V-fib, PVCs
- LIDOCAINE Contraindications
- Bradycardia, heart block
- LIDOCAINE Side Effects
- Hypotension, toxicity
- LIDOCAINE Special Considerations
- Also used as a local anesthetic
- NITROGLYCERIN Trade Name
- Nitrostat
- NITROGLYCERIN Class
- Nitrate
- NITROGLYCERIN Mechanism of Action
- Decreases load on heart through arterial vasodilation,
- NITROGLYCERIN Indications
- Angina, MI
- NITROGLYCERIN Contraindications
- BP<90, recent viagra use
- NITROGLYCERIN Side Effects
- Hypotension, tachycardia
- NITROGLYCERIN Special Considerations
- Do not expose to light, do not handle without gloves
- NOREPINEPHRINE Trade Name
- Levophed
- NOREPINEPHRINE Class
- Sympathomimetic
- NOREPINEPHRINE Mechanism of Action
- A potent vasoconstrictor, alpha1 and beta1 agonist.
- NOREPINEPHRINE Indications
- Cardiogenic shock, neurogenic shock
- NOREPINEPHRINE Contraindications
- Hypotension, hypovolemia
- NOREPINEPHRINE Side Effects
- Hypertension
- NOREPINEPHRINE Special Considerations
- Avoid extravasation as tissue necrosis may occur, last line drug to maintain perfusion
- PROCAINAMIDE Trade Name
- Pronestyl
- PROCAINAMIDE Class
- Antidysrhythmic
- PROCAINAMIDE Mechanism of Action
- Causes negative dromotrope by depressing the excitability of the myocardium to electrical stimulation
- PROCAINAMIDE Indications
- ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia
- PROCAINAMIDE Contraindications
- Heart block
- PROCAINAMIDE Side Effects
- Hypotension
- PROCAINAMIDE Special Considerations
- Discontinue when QRS complex widened (greater than 50%)or BP drops 15 mm Hg or more.
- PROPRANOLOL Trade Name
- Inderal
- PROPRANOLOL Class
- Beta blocker
- PROPRANOLOL Mechanism of Action
-
blocks cardiac
effects of beta-adrenergic stimulation; as a result, reduces heart rate, myocardial irritability and force of contraction - PROPRANOLOL Indications
- Ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia
- PROPRANOLOL Contraindications
- Heart Block
- PROPRANOLOL Side Effects
- bradycardia, Visual disturbances, impotence
- PROPRANOLOL Special Considerations
- Use glucogon as treatment for overdose
- VASOPRESSIN Trade Name
- Pitressin
- VASOPRESSIN Class
- Hormone
- VASOPRESSIN Mechanism of Action
-
Vasopressin produces concentrated urine by increasing tubular reabsorption of
water (ADH activity) - VASOPRESSIN Indications
- To increase peripheral vascular resistance during CPR
- VASOPRESSIN Contraindications
-
chronic nephritis accompanied by
nitrogen retention - VASOPRESSIN Side Effects
- hypertension, bradycardia
- VASOPRESSIN Special Considerations
- It may be useful in septic shock
- VERAPAMIL Trade Name
- Calan
- VERAPAMIL Class
- Calcium channel blocker
- VERAPAMIL Mechanism of Action
- Inhibits calcium ION influx during depolarization causing negative dromotropism
- VERAPAMIL Indications
- SVT, A-fib, unstable angina
- VERAPAMIL Contraindications
- 2nd or 3rd degree heart block, BP < 90 systolic
- VERAPAMIL Side Effects
- Hypotension, bradycardia
- VERAPAMIL Special Considerations
-
Transient asymptomatic hypotension may accompany IV
bolus