A&P body systems
Terms
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- afferent nerves(sensory)
- receives input from receptors scattered throughout the body
-
voluntary or efferent nerves
(motor) - sends signals out to voluntary muscles
- involuntary or autonomic nerves
- controls numerous automated bodily functions
- neurons
- the basic nerve cell
- glia
- specialized connective tissue cell
- dendrites
- consists of one or more branching projections that receives impulses and sends them to the cell body or axon
- axons located outside the cns often have a segmented wrapping around them called
- myelin
- the outer mambrane of a schawnn cell is called
- neurilema
- astrocyte
- larger "star cells" that attach to neurons and small blood vessels bringing them together
- two-neuron reflex arcs
- consists of one sensory neuron a wich receives impulse, and one motor neuron wich connects with an "effector"
- three nuron reflex arcs
- have an additional neuron called interneuron wich is located between sensory and motor neurons
- synapse
- a junction where two neurons meet to pass impulses from one to the other
- presynaptic neuron
- bring impulse into synpse
- postsynaptic neuron
- receives the impulse across the synapse
- neurotransmitter
- chemicals wich neurons communicate
- brain stem consists of
-
medula oblingata(infirior)
pons(next supirior)
midbrain(most supirior) - foramen magnum
-
large opening at base of skull where medulla rests that controls vital centers
(cardiac, resp., vesselmotor) -
diencephalon
two structures located here -
hypothalmus
thalmus -
"ADH" antidiuretic hormones
(hypothalmus) - hormone produced in the posterior pittuitary gland to regulate balance of water in the body
- cva
-
cerebral vascular accident
now known as brain attack - spinal cord
-
is aproximaly 17" to 18"
has ascending "sensory"
and descending "motor" - layers of meninges
- dura mater, pia mater and arachnoid
- "CSF" cerebral spinal fluid
-
-baths the brain and spinal cord
-forms from the blood circulates and reabsorbed by the blood - hydrocephalus
- blockage of the flow circuit that causes water in the brain
- tenth cranial nerve that controls functions of the heart, lungs, thoracic and abdominal cavities
- -vagus nerve
- autonomic nervous system
-
controls impulse from brain or spinal cord to :
-cardiac muscle tissue
-smooth mscle tissue
-selected glandular tissue -
sympathetic nervous system
-consists of selected autonomic motor neurons that terminate in nerve bundles called - ganglia
- pre-ganglionic neurons
- conduct impulses between spinal cord and ganglia
- post-ganglionic neurons
-
conducts impulses from gaglia to target sites
(norepinephrine triggers it) - target tissues(cardiac muscle,smooth muscle, glandular tissue) are known as
- autonomic or visceral effectors
- Formation of the cerebrospinal fluid occurs in the
- choroid plexus
- The limbic system integrates
- emotion
- Acetylcholine binds to
- cholinergic receptors
- Nerves that originate from the brain are called
- cranial nerves
- The white, fatty substance that surrounds an axon is called
- myelin
- Cells that conduct the impulses are called
- neurons