Chapter 5
Terms
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- Solon
- archon who settled the disputes between creditors and debters by erasing the debts of the poor and outlawing slavery for debt
- Homer
- Greek poet who wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey
- Cleisthenes
- took power in Athens and made it a democracy
- helots
- the conquered people who worked for Peloponnesus
- myths
- traditional stories about gods and goddesses and heroes
- metics
- in Athenian society/ non-citizens who had been born outside Athens
- Persian Wars
- conflicts between Greece and Persia
- Sappho
- greek poet
- hoplite
- nonaristocratic soldier carrying long spears
- Draco
- archon who is believed to be the creator of Athen's first written law code in 621BC: they were harsh
- archons
- 9 of them elected who served one year terms
- Minoans
- built a great civilization in Greece
- pedagogue
- male slave who taught the boy manners
- popular goverenment
- idea that people can and should rule themselves
- agora
- marketplace
- Olympic games
- contests held every 4 years in honor of Zeus
- Odyssey
- great Greek epic about war
- frescoes
- paintings made on plaster walls in the palaces in Minoa
- democracy
- government in which the citizens take part
- rhetoric
- study of oratory or public speaking and debating
- Battle of Marathon
- where the Athenians defeated Persia
- Mycenaens
- conquered Minoa and improved Greek civilization
- terracing
- carving small, flat plots of land from hillsides
- Sophists
- men who opened schools for older boys
- tyrants
- leaders who were able to bring a better life to the people/ illegally took power
- aristocracies
- Greek city-states controlled by nobles
- Delian League
- Athens alliance of city-states with Athens as a leader
- Themistocles
- Athens leader during the Persian Wars
- ephors
- 5 of them elected every year to make sure that the king stayed within the law
- representitive democracy
- where citizens elect representitives to govern for them
- ethics
- deals with what is good and bad and moral duty
- Peloponnesian war
- war between Athens and Sparta: Sparta won
- acropolis
- hill where the city-states were built
- direct democracy
- all citizens participated directly in making decisions
- Pericles
- leader in Athens who was a great general, orator, and statesmen: Athenian democracy reached its height
- polis
- Greek word for city-state
- Iliad
- great Greek epic about war
- Peisistratus
- ruled over Athens as a tyrant, improving the economy and clashing with the nobles
- export
- good or service sold to another country or region
- oracles
- were the Greeks believed that gods spoke to priet and priestesses
- Battle of Themopylae
- Spartans showed courage here-lost
- import
- good or service bought from another country or region