CH 23 IDs 44-75
Terms
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- Nationalism
- second radical idea-each people had its own genius and cultural unity (common language, history, and territory)-sought to make territory of each people coincide with well-defined boundaries in an independent nation-state-development of urban societymore cultural unity (language)-ideas change with time
- Charles Fourier
- lonely, saintly man with a tenuous hold on reality, envisaged a socialist utopia of mathematically precise, self-sufficient communities-early proponent of the total emancipation of women-believed marriages were another kind of prostitution
- Louis Blanc
- sharp-eyed, intelligent journalist, focused on practical improvements-Organization of Work: urged workers to agitate for universal voting rights and to take control of the state peacefully-believed state should set up govt.-blocked workshops and factories to guarantee full employment
- Amandine Aurore Lucie Dupin (George Sand)
- defied the narrow conventions of her time in an unending search for self-fulfillment-8 yrs of unhappy marriage, left her husband and took her 2 children to Paris to pursue career as writer-achieved fame and wealth, eventually writing over 80 novels on a variety of romantic and social themes-individualism went far beyond her flamboyant preference for men's clothing and notorious affairs
- Eugene Delacroix
- greatest and most moving romantic painter in France-illegitimate son of French foreign minister Talleyrand-master of dramatic, colorful scenes that stirred emotions-fascinated with remote and exotic subjects-passionate spokesman for freedom- Liberty Leading the People-celebrated the nobility of popular revolution in general and revolution of France in particular
- John Constable
- most notable romantic painter-fascinated by nature-gentle Wordsworthian landscapes in which human beings were at one with their environment, the comforting countryside of unspoiled rural England
- Franz Liszt
- greatest pianist of the age- a Hungarian composer and virtuoso pianist of the 19th century
- Germaine de Stael
- a Franco-Swiss writer living in exile, urged the French to throw away their worn-out classical models On Germany: extolled the spontaneity and enthusiasm of German writers and thinkers
- Robert Schumann
- German composer pianist and musician, one of the best of the romantics
- Victor Hugo
- greatest in poetry and prose in romanticism-son of a Napoleonic general-achieved an amazing range of rhythm, language, and image in his lyric poetry-powerful novels exemplified the romantic fascination with fantastic characters, exotic historical settings, and human emotions-Hunchback of Notre Dame: human gargoyle overlooking teeming life of Paris-equated freedom in literature with liberty in politics and society
- Alexander Ypsilanti
- Greek patriot and general in Russian army-led revolt in 1821
- William Woodsworth
- towering leader of English romanticism-traveled in France after his graduation from Cambridge-fell in love with Frenchwoman-daughter-influenced by Rousseau and spirit of early French Rev.-returned to England and settled in countryside with sister-published Lyrical Ballads with his sister's husband (Coleridge)-abandoned flowery classical conventions for language of ordinary speech and endowed simple subjects with loftiest majesty
- Socialism
- new radical doctrine after 1815, began in France-economic planning-intense desire to help the poor and preached that poor and rich should be more economically equal-private property should be regulated by govt. or abolished and replaced by state or community ownership
- Ludwig von Beethoven
- bottomless despair of the funeral march in his Third Symphony-first great composing master-extending and breaking open classical forms-used contrasting themes and tones to produce dramatic conflict and inspiring resolutions-lost hearing at peak of fame
- Frederic Chopin
- crashing cords evoke the surge of the masses in his Revolutionary Etude
- Count Henri de Saint-Simon
- one of the most influential early socialist thinkers-nobleman-optimistically proclaimed the tremendous possibilities of industrial development-the key to progress was proper social organization-parasites give way to doers-also stressed in highly moralistic terms that every social institution ought to have as its main goal improved conditions for the poor
- Romanticism
- belief in emotional exuberance, unrestrained imagination, and spontaneity in both art and personal life-enchanted by nature-fascinated by color and diversity
- Joseph M. W. Turner
- most notable romantic painter-fascinated by nature-depicted nature's power and terror
- Johann Wolfgang con Goethe
- German immortal poet and dramatist-influenced Walter Scott-Gotz von Berlichingen: play about a 16th century knight who revolted against centralized authority and championed individual freedom
- 50. Karl Marx
- The Communist Manifesto: bible of socialism-son of Jewish lawyer who converted to Christianity-atheistic when young-studied philosophy at University of Berlin before turning to journalism and economics-read French socialist thought-looked forward to emancipation of women and abolition of family-ideas united sociology, economics, and all human history in a vast and imposing edifice Capital (Das Kapital)-
- Samuel Taylor Coleridge
- Woodsworth's sister's husband- published Lyrical Ballads with Woodsworth- abandoned flowery classical conventions for language of ordinary speech and endowed simple subjects with loftiest majesty
- Pierre Joseph Proudhon
- What is Property?-self-educated printer who wrote a pamphlet-answer was that it was nothing but theft-property was profit that was stolen from the worker (source of all wealth)-feared power of state and was an anarchist
- Jacob and Willhelm Grimm
- brothers-successful at rescuing German fairy tales from oblivion
- Nicolo Paganini
- an Italian violinist, violist, guitarist, and composer. He is widely considered to be one of, if not the greatest violinist who ever lived
- Bourgeoisie and proletariat (as defined by Marx)
- bourgeoisie-middle class; proletariat-modern working class
- Theodore Gericault
- important French painter and lithographer, known for The Raft of the Medusa and other paintings. He was one of the pioneers of the Romantic movement.
- Georg Hegel
- believed that each age is characterized by a dominant set of ideas, which produces opposing ideas and eventually a new synthesis-idea of being had been dominant initially and had produced its antithesis (idea of nonbeing)
- Caspar David Friedrich
- 19th century German Romantic painter, considered by many critics to be one of the finest representatives of the movement- especially Romantic painting Wanderer above the Sea of Fog
- Francisco de Goya*
- an Aragonese Spanish painter and printmaker. Goya was a court painter to the Spanish Crown and a chronicler of history- Two of Goya's best known paintings are The Nude Maja and The Clothed Maja.
- Walter Scott
- born in Edinburgh; personified romantic movement's fascination with history-raised on grandfather's farm, fell under spell of old ballads and tales of Scottish border-influenced by German romanticism-esp. Johann Wolfgang con Goethe-translated Gotz von Berlichingen: play about a 16th century knight who revolted against centralized authority and championed individual freedom-storyteller, composed long narrative poems and series of historical novels-recreated spirit of bygone ages and great historical events