Chapter 13 Renaissance Test
Terms
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- Reasons For Achievements Of The Italian Renaissance
- Previous Plague, newfound skepticism, Italy became a wealthy trading middleman.
- Renaissance humanism vs. Northern humanism (differences)
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1) Italy less focused on religion
2) The North less focused on architectural classicism - Differences between Italian city states & rest of Europe
- Many self-governing city-states; decentralization.
- Subjects of Ren art
- Biblical figures, the human body, always good-looking people. No groups.
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Theme:
"The Courtier" - Castiglione - Taught men how to be gentlemen, emphasized the importance of being a Renaissance man
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Theme:
"The Prince" Machiavelli - How to govern a country. "Better to be feared than loved." "The ends justify the means."
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Theme:
"Don Quixote" Cervantes - Spain is too caught up in the past and acting like they did in the Middle Ages. Chasing windmills.
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Theme:
"In Praise Of Folly" Erasmus - Criticized the Catholic Church, but subtly. RHETORIC
- Christianization
- People grew skeptical of christianity during the Renaissance but there were Christian humanists who believed that people could be religious and intelligent at the same time.
- Reconquista
- Attempts of northern Christian kingdoms (ie. Spain) to control the entire peninsula. Military/religious objective to get rid of Arabs and Jews. LED TO THE INQUISITION
- Isabella and Ferdinand
- Not a romantic marriage, but an arranged marriage that was a union of two royal houses (Aragon & Castile), finalizing the Christianization of Spain. Marriage ended the reconquista.
- Inquisition - why?
- Church questioned sincerity and validity of Jewish conversions to Christianity. Used to ensure that the Christianization of Spain was permanent and hardcore. Use of torture.
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Italian humanist v. Northern humanist
Education views -
Italians were skeptical of religion and believed that life was meant for enjoyment - wanted people to learn without being hindred by religion.
Northerners believed that faith was important, but so was intelligence. -
Secularism:
What is it?
What made it spread? -
Secularism - a love of money and material goods.
It spread because as Italy became a middleman for trading, it grew wealthy. When people got money, they wanted to spend it. They got used to spending it. - Vernacular
- Things being published in a natural dialect as opposed to Latin. Increased literacy, as well as giving the printing press a more important purpose.
- Renaissance Man
- Well-rounded man
- Renaissance sculpture vs. sculpture of the Middle Ages
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Renaissance - influenced by ancient Greece/Rome. Bronze. Human body.
Middle Ages - gothic. Detailed. - Main pre Renaissance patron of the arts
- The church
- Medici- who were they & how did they build their wealth
- Medici bought way too much art, became patrons. When they ruled Florence, it became a major center of humanism and art. They built their wealth when one of their family members became a bearer of a high ceremonial office.
- Role of women during the Renaissance
- None.
- Classicism/antiquity
- Renaissance thinkers often went back to the old ways of thinking and architecture.
- Virtu
- Renaissance Man is well-rounded (Castiglione)
- Popolo
- Middle-classers that tried to take over the government with violence because of their lack of power. Victory short-lived.
- Signoria
- Italian government. Dictatorship.
- Oligarchy
- A group of people rule a nation as opposed to one person.
- What event signaled the end of the Renaissance?
- France and Spain attack Italy for 60+ years. Italy loses its spirit.
- Holy Roman Emperor Charles V
- Started an Inquisition in Rome to delay the spread of Protestantism.
- "safer to be feared than loved"
- Theme of The Prince
- Rhetoric/Skepticism
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Skepticism - questioning everything
rhetoric - the art of asking the right questions - Ambassadors
- A painting by Hans Holbein during the Renaissance, displayed the ideal Renaissance Men and seven ideals portrayed as objects between them
- Balance of power
- Each city-state was seelf-governed in Italy
- City state politics
- Major city-states dominated smaller ones. Balance of powers weak.
- "Prince of the Humanists"
- Erasmus