pain chapter 44
Terms
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- pain indicates a problem
- unrelieved pain presents both physiologic and psychological dangers to health and recovery
- what is pain
- whatever the experiencing person says it is, existing whenever he/she says it does.
- how is pain described?
- in terms of duration, location, or etiology.
- acute pain
- when pain lasts only through the expected recovery period; can be sudden or slow onset regardless of intensity.
- chronic pain
- prolonged, usually persisting over 6 months or longer, interferes w/ functioning
- deep somatic
- arises from ligaments, tendons, bones, blood vessels, nerves. last longer than cutaneous pain(example; ankle sprain)
- cutaneous pain
- originates in the skin or subcutaneous tissue.
- visceral pain
- pain in the abdominal cavity, cranium, and thorax. example; obstructed bowel will result in visceral pain
- referred pain
- pain felt in part of body remote from the organ causing pain
- intractable pain
- pain highly resistant to relief
- neuropathic pain
- result of current or past damage to peripheral or central nervous system-nerve damage
- phantom pain
- painful sensation perceived in a body part that is missing
- phantom sensation
- feeling that the missing body part is still present
- pain threshold
- amount of pain stimulation a person requires in order to feel pain.
- hyperalgesia
- exessive sensitivity to pain
- pain reaction
- the autonomic nervous system and behavioral responses to pain.example autonomic nervous system response is automatic reaction when your hand hits the hot stove.
- pain tolerance
- maximum amount and duration of pain that an individual is willing to endure.
- nociceptors
- receptors that transmit pain sensation; can be excited by mechanical, thermal, or chemical stimuli.
- nociception
- physiologic processes related to pain perception; 4 processes involved in nociception: tranduction, transmission, perception, and modulation.
- transduction
- injury triggers the release of biochemical mediators
- transmission
- transmission of pain-pain impulse travels from the peripheral nerve fibers to the spinal cord.
- perception
- when the client becomes conscious of pain--occurs in the cortical structures.
- modulation
- neurons in the brain stem send signals down to the dorsal horn of spinal cord