Anatomy Thorax
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- the most painful burn
- 2nd degree burn
- What are the values for each part of the body in the rule of nines?
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Anterior side adult:
Head,arms = 4.5%
Chest, abdomen and legs = 9%
Genetalia = 1%
Infant front and back:
Head,chest,abdomen = 18%
arms = 9% each
legs = 14% each - What is removed in a radical mastectomy?
- the breast, pectoral muscles, fat, fascia, and as many lymph nodes as possible in the axilla
- site of most breast tumors
- the superior lateral quadrant of the breast because its the most glandular tissue
- the vessels that serve the breast
- the internal thoracic, the lateral thoracic, and the 2nd-6th intercostal vessels and nerves
- What are the 3 compartments of the thoracic cavity?
- the right and left pulmonary cavities and the central mediastinum
- Which part of the trachea is associated with the cough reflex?
- the mucous membrane covering the carina
- Which vessels supply oxygenated blood to the root of the lungs and visceral pleura?
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The bronchial arteries:
2 left bronchial arteries and 1 right bronchial artery - When performing percussion, what types of sound will you hear?
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Resonant- in air filled
Dull - fluid filled
Flat - solid, as with bone - What is pleurodesis
- A procedure that adheres the parietal and visceral layers of the pleura to prevent fluid buidup
- upon ascultation of the lungs, you hear a sound like a clump of hair being rolled between the fingers. What may cause this?
- Pleurisy or pleuritis
- Where is the placement of a chest tube?
- 5th or 6th intercostal space in the midaxillary line
- Where is the placement of the needle in a thoracentesis procedure?
- 9th ICS superior to the 10th rib high enough to avoid the collateral branches
- what is secondary atelectasis?
- the collapse of a previously inflated lung
- what is primary atelectasis?
- the failure of a lung to inflate at birth
- What is a pneumothorax?
- presence of air in the pleural cavity
- What is cor pulmonale?
- right sided heart failure due to a pulmonary problem
- The right bronchial vein drains into the?
- the Azygos vein
- The left bronchial vein drains into the?
- the hemiazygos vein or the left superior intercostal vien
- What do carbon particles in the axillary lymph nodes indicate?
- pleural adhesion; pg 132
- Which lymph nodes, also called sentinel lymph nodes, alert the physician to a possible disease in the thoracic or abdominal organs?
- The supraclavicular lymph nodes; they're usually enlarged when bronchogenic carcinoma develops
- which pleura is insensitive to pain?
- the visceral pleura because it receives no nerves of sensation
- failure of a valve to open fully, slowing blood flow from a chamber
- Stenosis
- failure of the valve to close completely
- insufficiency or regurgitation
- superficia vibratory sensations that may be felt on the skin over an area of turbulence
- thrills; they happen as a result of insufficiency
- A condition where blood regurgitates into the left atrium when the left ventricle contracts and produces a murmur
- Mitral valve prolapse
- Most frequent valve abnormality; is a result of degenerative calcification and causes left vent hypertrophy
- Aortic Valve Stenosis
- produces a heart murmor and a collapsing pulse
- Aortic Valve Insufficiency
- most common sites of coronary artery occlusion
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LAD (40-50%)
RCA (30-40%)
Circumflex (15-20%) - These receptors on coronary blood vessels cause relaxation and dilation when activated
- B2 adrenergic receptors
- What NTS is released by postsynaptic parasympathetic fibers in the heart and what type of receptors are they?
- It releases ACH which binds to muscarinic receptors
- What is a fluoroscope?
- a device for examining deep structures in real time by means of radiographs, it is often used in the placement of a pacemaker.
- The electrode of a pacemaker is firmly fixed to this structure in the heart
- the trabeculae carneae of the right ventricular wall
- Anginal pain is radiates to the medial aspect to the left arm. Which nerves are responsible for this?
- The median cutaneous nerve and often the lateral cutaneous branches of the 2nd and 3rd intercostal nerves(intercostalbrachial nerves)
- sympathetic stimulation of the coronary arteries causes?
- vasodilation
- parasympathetic stimulation of the coronary arteries causes?
- vasoconstriction
- Contents of the superior mediastinum
- Thymus, Great vessels, trachea, esophagus, thoracic duct, vagus, phrenic and left recurrent laryngeal nerve
- the thoracic duct lies between what two structures anterior and posteriorly
- Esophagus and vertebra
- At what rib level do the brachiocephalic veins unite to form the SVC?
- At the inferior border of the 1st right costal cartilage
- The recurrent laryngeal nerves arise from this nerve
- Vagus nerve
- The internal thoracic arteries originate here
- What is the Subclavian arteries
- An abnormal narrowing of the descending aorta
- Coarctation of the aorta
- Which nerve may be damaged by an aneurysm of the aorta or by bronchogenic or esophageal carcinoma?
- The left recurrent laryngeal nerve
- The thoracic aorta begins and ends at the levels of these vertebra
- T4-T12
- Level at which the esophagus passes through the esophageal hiatus in the diaphragm
- At the level of T10 anterior to the aorta
- The origin of the phrenic nerve
- Anterior rami of C3-C5 nerves
- Distribution of the phrenic nerve
- The central portion of the diaphragm
- Distribution of the Vagus nerve
- Pulmonary plexus, esophageal and cardiac plexus
- Origin of the pulmorary plexus
- Vagus nerve and sympathetic trunk
- This nerve supplies sympathetic innervation to most of the abdominal viscera
- the splanchnic nerves
- Which vein is commonly harvested for coronary bypass
- the great saphenous vein
- A collection of nerve cell bodies in the CNS is called
- a nucleus
- A collection of nerve cell bodies in the PNS
- a ganglion