Genetics BICD 100
Terms
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- What is a heterozygote?
- When two copies of a gene having two different alleles.
- What is penetrance?
- When genotype is expressed in phenotype.
- What is an allele?
- One form of a gene.
- What is segregation?
- Separation into different gametes.
- What is independant assortment?
- Segregation at random into gametes.
- Define dominant.
- Allele express in the heterozygote.
- What is codominant?
- Both alleles are expressed in the heterozygote.
- What is epistasis?
- Epistatis occurs when alleles at one locus affect the phenotype produced by alleles at another locus.
- What is F1?
- The first filial generation of a cross.
- What is F2?
- The offspring of an F1 x F2 cross.
- What are gametes?
- Gametes are the sperm and eggs, or pollen and ovules of an organism.
- What are germ cells?
- Germ cells are the sperm and eggs, or pollen and ovules of an organism.
- What is a gene?
- A gene is an entity which controls a particular trait in an organism.
- What is Phenotype?
- Phenotype denotes the traits exhibited by an individual.
- What is genotype?
- Genotype indicates the alleles an individual has.
- What is Somatic tissue?
- That part of the organism other than the germ cells.
- What does P stand for?
- The parental generation.
- If the two copies of a gene are the same allele, the individual is called?
- Homozygous
- A Homozygous individual will produce how many types of gametes?
- One type.
- When two copies of a gene are different alleles, the individual is called?
- Heterozygous.
- A heterozygous individual produces how many types of gametes?
- 2 to the n where n is the number of genes with two copies of an allele.
- What are Mendel's two Laws?
-
The Law of Segregation.
The Law of Independant Assortment. - What is the Law of Segregation?
- The two alleles of a given gene present in the somatic tisse are segregated from each other into separate gametes.
- What is Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment?
- Segregation at random into gametes.
- What is a dihybrid cross?
- A cross where two traits segregate into germ cells.
- What does "wild-type" mean.
- Describes individuals with the "normal" or most common phenotype.
- What is Variable Expressivity?
- Different individuals with the same genotype do not have exactly the same phenotype. e.g polydactyl
- What is reduced penetrance?
- Ocurs when expressivity can vary to the extent that individuals who have inherited a given genetic trait sometimes cannot be distinguished from normal.
- What is Pedigree?
-
Pedigree is a nomenclature for tracking genetic information for orgnisms with a small number of offspring.
Circle - Female
Square - Male
Two Forms
1. Mates - connected by a horizontal line
2. Lines join parents to offspring. Each line represents transmission of a gamete. - What is recessive?
- Allele not expressed in a heterozygote.