Anatomy & Physiology: The Human Cell: Vocabulary
Terms
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- folds of membrane that form flattened channels and tubular canals
- endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
- three substances contained within a nucleolus
-
proteins
RNA
DNA - the four main functions of membrane proteins
-
carriers
channels
enzymes
receptors - the two types of cell identity markers in the cell membrane
-
glycolipids
glycoproteins - the largest organelle in the cell
- nucleus
- The cytoplasm is the substance of the cell within the ________ and outside the ________.
-
membrane
nucleus - double-layered membrane that surrounds the nucleus
- nuclear envelope
- The ________ is found inside the nucleus and makes ribosomes.
- nucleolus
- The cytoplasm is mostly made of water, but also contains ________, nutrients, ________, and dissolved ________.
-
salts
wastes
gases - location of aerobic respiration
-
mitochondrion
plural: mitochondria - has a large surface area due to its looping membrane
- endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
- function of the cell membrane
- regulates passage of molecules into and out of the cell
- provide means of communication between nucleus and cytoplasm
- nuclear pores in nuclear envelope
- cristae found within its outer membrane
- mitochondrion
- the control center of the cell
- nucleus
- another term for interstitial (intercellular) fluid
- internal environment
- studded with ribosomes
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rough endoplasmic reticulum
(rough ER) - functions are packaging and secretion
-
Golgi body
(Golgi apparatus, complex) - the three main parts of a human cell
-
cell(plasma)membrane
cytoplasm
organelles - term for cell division
- mitosis
- the "gatekeeper" of the cell
- cell membrane
- The function of the nucleolus is ________ formation.
- ribosome
- uses DNA to regulate cellular activities
- nucleus
- the cell's environment
- cytoplasm
- The funtion of the lysosome is intracellular ________.
- digestion
- four main parts of the nucleus
-
nuclear envelope
chromatin
nucleolus
nucleoplasm - three substances in the cell membrane besides phospholipids and integral proteins
-
cholesterol
glycolipids
glycoproteins - cell membrane model showing bilayer of phospholipids and protein molecules
- fluid-mosaic model
- composed of DNA and protein
- chromosomes
- creates proteins
- ribosome
- recognize similar cells or dangerous foreign cells
- cell identity markers
- openings throughout the nuclear envelope
- nuclear pores
- substance produced in the nucleolus that is vital to protein synthesis
-
ribosomal RNA
(rRNA) - two types of extracellular fluid
-
interstitial (intercellular)
plasma (lymph when in lymphatics) - the two main parts of the cell membrane
- bilayer of globular and phospholipid proteins
- fluid inside of a cell
-
intracellular fluid
(cytosol) - recycles worn-out products
- lysosome
- two classifications of movement of materials across the cell membrane
-
passive processes
active processes - concentrated area of RNA
- nucleolus
- two means of communication via cell membranes
-
receptors
identity markers - fluid outside of body cells
- extracellular fluid
- the cellular contents between the cell membrane and the nucleus
- cytoplasm
- fluid portion of the nucleus
- nucleoplasm
- highly organized cellular structures specialized for specific functions
- organelles
- the study of cells
- cytology
- function is transport by means of vesicles
- endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
- loose mass within the nucleus that is formed from DNA and protein
- chromatin
- process by which white blood cells engulf and destroy bacteria
- phagocytosis