Biology first exam
Terms
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- Metabolism
-
taking in food,
catabolism- takes apart
anabolism- puts together - Homeostasis
- The tendency of a living body to maintain relatively stable internal conditons in spite of greater changes in external environment.
- Negative Feedback
- a self-corrective mechanism that underlies most homeostasis, change is is detected, responses activate to reverse change.
- Positive Feedback
- Change is detected and body responds to enhance original change.
- Sagittal Plane
- Vertical plane that divides body into left and right portions.
- Coronal plane
- Vertical plane that divides body into front and back portions.
- Transverse plane
- horizontal plane that divides the body into top and bottom.
- Cranial cavity
- formed by skull, contains the brain
- Bertebral canal
- Formed by vertebrae, contains spinal cord
- Thoracic cavity
- Lined by pleural, contins the lungs
- Abdominopelvic cavity
- lined by peritoneum contains abdominal organs and pelvic organs.
- (1) Living things must...
- use energy to maintain the complex level of organization (energy from food)
- (2) Living things must..
- exchange materials with the environment..
- (3) Living things must...
-
exhibit movement
*body can move from one place to another.
*materials can be moved from place to place within body. - (4) Living things must...
- Reproduce
- Asexual Reproduction
-
Involves a single parent that splits identical daughter offspring...
(mitosis in human body) - Sexual Reproduction
- Involves the union of sperm and egg from separate parents to produce offspring with unique traits.
- (5) Living things must...
-
grow and develop
*increase in mass, size, and level of complexity. - (6) Living things must...
- Pass hereditary traits to their offspring.
- Genes
- Pieces of DNA ona chromosone that control the development and appearance of particular traits.
- (7) Living things must...
-
Adapt to their environment.
*Genes control traits and behaviors that improve survival. - (8) Living things must...
- Change overtime.
- Evolution
- traits and/or behaviors are selected for or against, depending upon impact that they have on survival.
- Atoms
-
smallest units
Chemical Level - molecules
-
consist of two or more atoms chemically bonded
Chemical Level - Cell
-
structural and functional units of life.
Cellular Level - organelles
-
with in a cell carry out specific tasks.
Cellular Level - Tissue
-
mass of similar cells working together to perform a task.
(epithelial, connective, muscle, and nerve are different types)
Tissue Level - Organ
-
Two or more tissue types that perform a particular function and assume a recognizable shape.
Organ Level