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Modern World Trimester Exam

Terms

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John Locke
believed the government has an obligation to those it governs
Thomas Malthus
predicted that population would outpace food supply, urged people to have less children
Richard Arkwright
invented the waterframe
Georges Haussman
he destroyed tenement housing and rebuilt the poor areas of Paris
blockade
shutting off a port to keep people or supplies from moving in or out
social gospel
movement that urged Christians to social service
House of Commons
This group had the power to disband the cabinet
philosophe
member of a group of Enlightenment thinkers who tried to apply the methods of science to the improvement of society
Pamela
Richardson's novel which uses letters to tell a story.
utilitarianism
idea that the goal of society should be to bring about the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people
Catherine II
Her contribution to Russia was an expanded empire
Charles Townshend
encouraged farmers to grow turnips which restored exhausted soil
atomic theory
the theory that showed how different kinds of atoms combine to make all chemical substances
Montesquieu
introduced ideas of separation of powers and checks and balances
Mozart
his works helped to create a new style of classical composition
Robert Koch
identified the bacteria that caused tuberculosis
John Locke
People have certain natural rights
oligarchy
government in which the power belongs to a few people
Robert Owen
against child labor, believed living conditions shaped one's character
Victor Hugo
wrote the novel "Les Miserables"
John Dalton
atomic theory creator
Bessemer process
operation that produces steel by purifying iron ore
social contract
agreement by which people give up their freedom to a powerful government in order to avoid chaos
physiocrat
Enlightenment thinker who searched for natural laws to explain economics
tricolor
red, white, and blue badge of the common people
plebiscite
ballot in which voters have a direct say on an issue
Thomas Edison
made the first electric light bulb
John Stuart Mill
ACTIONS: Right-if it brings happiness Wrong-if it causes pain
Thomas Hobbes
argued that people are naturally bad
National Assembly
delegates of the 3rd Estate who banded together to draw up a constitution for France
Voltaire
attacked corrupt government, inequality, and the slave trade; supported freedom of speech
bourgeoisie
middle class of 3rd Estate
Louis Pasteur
developed a process to kill disease-carrying microbes in beverages
Thomas Hobbes
Wrote Leviathan; presented the concept of the social contract
Jacobins
a revolutionary political club made up of middle-class lawyers and intellectuals
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
Wrote the dramatic poem "Faust"
Luddites
rioters who fought against the machines that cost them jobs
Karl Marx
believed in setting up a classless, communist society would end struggles over wealth and power
James Watt
improved upon steam engine
Montesquieu
Wrote The Spirit of the Laws
Joseph Lister
This English surgeon insisted that surgeons wash their hands before operating
David Ricardo
CYCLE--high wages-more kids-low wages-high unemployment-less kids-...
Gottlieb Dailmler
introduced the first four-wheeled automobile
cartel
association of large corporations formed to fix prices, set production quotas, or divide up markets
communism
form of socialism
legitimacy
principle by which monarchies that had been unseated by the French Revolution or Napoleon were restored
proletariat
working class
Florence Nightingale
founded the world's first school of nursing
Joseph Lister
discovered how antiseptics prevented infection
Ludwig van Beethoven
composer who utilized a broad range of instruments in the modern orchestra
Act of Union
united England and Scotland
Priestly
built the framework for modern chemistry with Lavoisier
Tories
This political party supported broad powers for the monarch
Henrik Ibsen
Norwegian dramatist who brought realism to theater
Continental Congress
Group of colonial leaders who made decisions during the American Revolution
Florence Nightingale
As an army medical assistant during the Crimean War, this person insisted on better hygiene in field hospitals
Marquis de Lafayette
headed the National Guard
Lord Byron
Lent his name to the romantic hero
natural rights
rights that belong to all humans from birth
socialism
system in which the people as a whole rather than private individuals own all property and operate all busineesses
John Wesley
founded the Methodist church
Battle of Saratoga
battle that convinced the French to join the American side
Bach
his works were religious in nature
called "Peasant Emperor"
Joseph II
cult of domesticity
model in the 1800s that idealized women and the home
natural laws
rules or laws that govern human nature
Committee of Public Safety
group that ordered all French citizens to join the war effort
Legislative Assembly
set up as part of the new limited monarchy of France
Joseph II
This monarch did the most to reform the lives of his subjects
Navigation Acts
Laws passed by Parliament to regulate colonial trade and manufacturing
Madame Geoffrin
ran one of the most respected salons
emigres
people who flee their country for political reasons
James Hargreaves
produced the spinning jenny
Abraham Darby
used coal to smelt iron
enlightened despots
monarchs who used their power to bring about social and political change
Directory
established by the moderates who seized power from radical revolutionaries
Adam Smith
believed that a free market would come to help everyone, not just rich
rococo
___________ art was personal and charming.
suffrage
right to vote
Louis Pasteur
developed a vaccine for rabies
John Locke
People were naturally good
corporation
business owned by many investors who buy shares of stock and risk only the amount of their investment
sans-culottes
working class men/women who pushed the revolution into more radical action
Jenner
Developed vaccine against smallpox
laissez faire
policy allowing business to operate with little or no government interference
George Stephenson
developed steam-powered locomotives to pull carriages
power
Catherine the Great, like other monarchs, did not intend to give up any ____________.
guerrilla warfare
fighting carried on through hit-and-run raids
republic
the National Convention voted to abolish the monarchy and declare France a...
Robert Fulton
used Watt's steam engine to power the Clermont
Smith
Wrote The Wealth of NAtions; argued that the free market should be allowed to regulate business
annex
add a territory onto an existing state or country
abdicate
give up a high office
Diderot
Edited Encyclopedia
Social Darwinism
ideas that applied the theory of survival of the fittest to war and economic competition
Smith
believer of laissez-faire
constitutional government
government whose power is limited by law
Battle of Yorktown
battle that ended the British war effort
baroque
The _________ style was grand and complex
interchangeable parts
identical components that can e used in place of one another in manufacturing
Thomas Jefferson
principal author of the Declaration of Independence
Jeremy Bentham
all actions should be judged by "utility"
republic
sans-culottes and Jacobins wanted...
assembly line
industrial production method that breaks down a complex job into a series of smaller tasks
Wollstonecraft
Wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Woman; called for equal education for girls and boys
Frederick the Great
his reforms were directed mainly at making the Prussian government more efficient
Robespierre
leader of reign of terror
Whigs
This political party favored Parliament over the crown
Rousseau
Wrote The Social Contract; advocated the will of the majority and the common good
racism
belief that one racial group is superior to another
women's suffrage
women's right to vote
prime minister
head of the cabinet

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