Science Quiz 12/20/07
Science Quiz 12/20/07
WORDS MAY BE REPEATED be prepared to see any of the definitions on the test
MOST OF THIS IS REVIEW
you should know it all or at least most of it.
WORDS MAY BE REPEATED be prepared to see any of the definitions on the test
MOST OF THIS IS REVIEW
you should know it all or at least most of it.
Terms
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copy deck
- insulin
- a hormone (chemical messenger) produced by the pancreas and carried through the blood, Converts excess glucose to the glycogen (animal starch) and stores it in our liver and muscles
- immunity
- the ability of an organism to resist disease causing organisms and foreign invaders
- Oral cavity
- contains the tongue, teeth, and salivary gland openings
- reproduction
- ability of living things to form more of their own kind, Not needed for organism survival--but necessary for the survival of the species
- Homeostasis
- the maintenance of an internal stable environment by an organism (steady state), a disruption in any organism system will result in a corresponding disruption, Organisms possess a control mechanisms that detect changes in the internal (or external) environment and make adjustments to correct the situation.
- glucagon
- another pancreas hormone which can convert glycogen back to glucose if our sugar level is too low
- Respiration
- process used by organisms to release the energy in their food
- Ulcers
- open sores in the lining of the stomach or the small intestine generally associated with some kind of irritant or bacterial infection
- inorganic
- nonliving
- Diarrhea
- opposite of constipation --associated with intestinal disturbances frequently caused by infections or stress --prolonged diarrhea may result in severe dehydration of body tissues
- growth
- increase in living matter by increasing cell size or numbers
- Stomach
- J-shaped, saclike, muscular churn which mixes the partially chewed food with gastric juice
- inorganic
- Water is the most common [organic or inorganic] compound in living things. It composes 80-95% of living organisms.
- villi
- microscopic fingerlike projections on the SI wall--increase the surface area for nutrient absorption -- contain a capillary and a lymph vessel called a lacteal
- Movement
- change in position by a living thing
- Pyloric sphincter
- muscular valve between the stomach and the small intestine regulating the passage of the partially digested mass
- Small intestine
- a 20-25 foot long twisted tube of small diameter (about 1 inch), lined with enzyme secreting intestinal glands, does most of the chemical digestion, protein, carbohydrate, and lipid chemical digestion is finished here, accessory structures, the gall bladder and the pancreas, empty their secretions into the SI
- Large Intestine
- averages 6 feet in length--2.5 inches in diameter, sometimes called the colon, appears as an inverted U surrounding the SI
- organic
- is living or once was living
- LIVER
- largest body organ--has many functions --digestive function is to make bile
- organic
- Most carbon compounds with the exception of carbon dioxide are [organic or inorganic]
- Gastric juice
- components and their functions, water, mucas, HCl, pepsin
- Bile duct
- carries bile from the gall bladder to the S.I.
- appendix
- not needed in human digestion--at the beginning of the LI, Undigested food and water enter the large intestine where water is absorbed. Strong peristaltic action forces feces out through the rectum and the anus
- Appendicitis
- infection and inflammation of the appendix
- Constipation
- condition in which the feces are evacuated infrequently and with difficulty --results from sluggish peristalsis that allows excess water to be removed from the feces (fecal material hardens) --may result from insufficient roughage in the diet
- Esophagus
- 10 inch long muscular tube--its muscular walls move food from the mouth to the stomach by peristalsis
- Bile
- emulsifies lipids--breaks their droplets down into smaller particles
- Pancreas
- located near the small intestine--pancreatic juice is carried to the SI by the pancreatic duct
- Gallstones
- small hard particles made of cholesterol which form and collect in the gall bladder --may block the bile duct causing pain and discomfort --treated by surgical removal of the gall bladder
- Metabolism
- the sum total of all life processes needed to sustain life
- Regulation
- the control of the various activities of an organism (mostly involves the nervous system and endocrine glands in complex organisms)
- peristalsis
- slow, rhythmic muscular contractions that push food through the GI tract
- Tongue
- acts as a plunger to push food back into the throat
- defecation
- the removal of feces
- saliva
- Provides lubrication for the (chewed food), Contains the digestive enzyme amylase that begins the digestion of starch
- Nutrition
- the obtaining and processing of materials by an organism for its use: (a.) ingestion- food intake by an organism;(b.) digestion- breakdown of complex foods to simpler foods by an organism
- Salivary glands
- secrete the digestive fluid saliva
- Teeth
- function in the mechanical breakdown of food which increases the surface area of the food thus improving enzyme action
- Circulation
- distribution of materials within an organism
- Gall bladder
- small bile storage sac beneath the liver
- Excretion
- the removal of cellular waste products
- Synthesis
- combining simpler chemical substances to form more complex ones
- Mouth
- ingests food [amylase released in here]
- Intestinal glands
- line the small intestine secreting intestinal juice --aid the completion of digestion in the small intestine, intestinal juice contains enzymes to breakdown proteins, fats, and carbohydrates, Much absorption is thought to occur directly through the wall without the need for special adaptations.