Linguistics Ch 2
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- duration
- of a phone is how long it lasts
- aspiration
- the amount of air that is produced upon the release of a stop
- stress
- means to make emphasis or more prominent
- suprasegmentals
- (prosodic features) characteristics of speech that distinguish words, phrases, or sentences that are otherwise identical in the phonetic segments. suprasegmentals are associated with stretches of speech larger than an individual phonetic segment
- vowel
- speech sound without constriction or stoppage
- voiceless sounds
- are produced when the vocal chords are apart and airstream flows from the larynx with minimal or no vibrations
- uvula
- the fleshy lobe at the back of the roof of the mouth
- fundamental frequency
- the rate at which the vocal folds (cords) vibrate in speech
- singleton
- an individual pone with a duration about half as long as geminate
- juncture
- a real or perceived pause within a series of phones
- articulation
- the production of speech sounds by the movement of the speech organs
- glottis
- the space (opening) between the vocal folds
- hard palate
- bony section of the roof of the mouth
- intonation language
- different intonation contours change the syntactic function of sentences that are otherwise the same
- oral cavity
- the passageway in the mouth
- alveolar ridge
- hard ridge behind the upper front teeth
- geminate
- is a phone with duration twice that of the same phone pronounced with a short duration: a long consonant or vowel
- phonetics
- study of speech sounds, their physical properties, and the way they are received and decoded by the brain and the way they are produced
- phonetic segment
- (phone) a speech sound that is perceived as an individual and unique sound, different from other sounds
- auditory phonetics
- study of how sounds are received by the ear and decoded by the brain
- lax vowels
- show less tension and constriction they are usually shorter in duration than tense vowels
- monophthong
- a single vowel sound
- accent
- a way of producing words that identifies one speaker of a language as speaking differently from another speaker
- orthography
- refers to the spelling and the writing system of a language
- acoustic phonetics
- study of the physical properties of sound
- egressive sounds
- sounds produced by expelling air from the lungs
- vocal folds
- (vocal chords) a muscular pair of elastic folds, which can be moved to various degrees of openness
- intonation contour
- the overall pitch of an utterance, sometimes represented by a line drawn over the utterance that traces the change in pitch
- tone
- a specific change in pitch that functions in tonal languages to distinguish words that made up of the same segments
- epiglottis
- a membranous flap that cover the glottis during swallowing and prevents anything swallowed from going into the lungs
- voiced sounds
- are produced, in part by the vibrations of the vocal chords
- trachea
- (windpipe) a tube that extends from voice box to the lungs
- tense vowels
- are produced with more tension and more constriction of the vocal tract than lax vowels they are usually of longer duration
- diacritics
- (diacritic marks) notations added to the main phonetic symbol to clarify details of pronunciation
- syllabic consonants
- are nasal or liquid consonants, that can take the place or vowels as the nucleus of a syllable in certain words
- homophones
- a word that sounds the same differ in meaning and/or spelling
- consonant
- speech sound that is produced when airstream is constricted or stopped (and then released) at some place along it's path before it escapes from the body
- pharyngeal cavity
- the passageway in the nose
- articulators
- the organs of speech
- dipthong
- a double vowel sound that begins with one vowel sound and gradually moves into another vowel sound or glide
- larynx
- (voice box) the uppermost part of the trachea that contains the vocal folds or folds and is one of the main sound producing organs
- ingressive sounds
- speech sounds produced by sucking in air into the mouth
- pitch
- perception of fundamental frequency evaluated on scale from high to low
- soft palate
- (velum) the back fleshy section of the roof of the mouth & closes off the nasal cavity during swallowing
- tone language
- pitch difference in the same string of phones will change the meaning of that string
- articulatory phonetics
- study of the production of speech sounds
- reduced vowel
- an unstressed vowel that is a shorter version of a similar sounding but longer vowel . in the word rumba the ("a") can be seen as a reduced variant of the full vowel