CHEMISTRY OF LIFE - CLASS NOTES (Week 1)
Terms
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- Chemistry
-
The study of matter
and its changes - Matter
-
Anything that has mass
takes up space. - Atom
-
The smallest
particle of matter. - Nucleus
- Protons and Neutrons
-
Electron
Cloud -
Electrons
Ortiting the Nucleus -
Sub-Aomic
Particles -
Proton
Neutron
Electron - Proton
-
A positive charge.
(found in the Nucleus) - Neutron
-
A neutral charge.
(found in the Nucleus) - Electron
-
A negative charge.
(Found in the cloud
around the Nucleus) -
Chemical
Symbol
(Center) -
The Letter that
represents the atom
on the periodic table. -
Chemical Symbol
Atomic Number
(Top Right) -
The number of
protons/electrons
in the atom. -
Chemical Symbol
Atomic Number
(Bottom) -
This represents the
number of protons
and neutrons in the atom. - Atomic Types
-
Ion
Iso tope - Ion
-
An atom with an
electrical charge:
Image: - Isotope
-
An atom with the
same number of
protons (the same
atomic number) but
different numbers
of neutrons. -
Groups
of Atoms -
Element
Molecule
Compound - Element
-
A substance that
cannot be decomposed
or transformed into
other chemical substances
by ordinary chemical
processes. An atom of the
same type (not chemically bonded)
Ti Zn Co - Molecule
-
Two or more atoms
chemically bonded together. - Compound
-
Two or more DIFFERENT
atoms chemically bonded
together
H20 CO2 HsSO4 - Chemical Formula
-
Two or more capital
letters that indicate
what a substance is
made up of:
Subscript
Coefficient - Subscript
-
The small number
that only works for
the element to it's
immediate left. - Coefficient
-
The number in front
of a formula used to
show the number of
molecules/compounds. -
Chemical
Equations -
Symbols used to show
what happens when
chemicals react.
a) Law of conservation
of matter. -
Law of
conservation
of matter -
The type and number
of atoms must be the
same on each side of
the equation. -
Bohr Model
(Chemical Bonding) -
Bohr Model(from 1913)
1. Electrons Orbit
the nucleus in fixed
energy levels.
2. Octet rule - Octet Rule
-
Part of the Bohr Model
The atoms strive to
have 8 valence electrons
to act like the noble
gases. (Chemically stable.) -
Cation
(Chemical Bonding) -
An atom with a
positive electron charge.
1. Has lost electrons
2. EX: Na + e-
O -
Chemical
Bonding -
Bohr Model
Cation
Anion
Ionic Bonding
Covalent Bonding - Anion
-
(Chemical Bonding)
An atom that has a
negative electrical
charge as gained electrons.
EX: - Ionic Bonding
-
(Chemical Bonding)
The transfer of electrons between atoms producing opposite electrical charges.
1. Opposites attract
2. EX:
3. Metals + Non-metals -
Covalent
Bonding -
(Chemical Bonding)
Two or more atoms sharing electrons
1. 2 electrons per bond
2. Non-metal + Non-metal - Acids and Bases
-
Dissociation
Acid
Base
PH - Dissociation
-
The breaking apart of
water molecules into
two ions of opposite charge. - Acid
-
A compund that has
an "H" in front of the
chemical formulation.
1. Dissociates to yeld
(Hydronium) ions.
2. The more ,
the stronger the acid
3. HCI - Base
-
A compund that has an
"OH" in the end of the
chemical formula.
1. Dissociates to yield
OH (Hydroxide) IOns
2. The more OH, the
stronger the base - PH
- Power of Hydrogen
- PH Scale
-
Standard scale for
the relative concentratins
of Hydronium ( )
and Hydroxide ( ) ions. -
If the PH Scale
shows more____________
is it more acetic
or more basic? - More acetic
-
If the PH scale
shows fewer ______________
is it more acetic
or more basic? - More basic