soc 101 final 2
Terms
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- prosocial behavior
- any action done with the intent to help/benefit another
- altruism
- behavior motivated by desire to help someone else regardless of costs to oneself
- empathy-altrusim hypothesis
- empathetic concern motivates altruistic behavior
- empathy
- cognitive and emotional parts
- egoism
- helpful behvaior motivated by desire to incease one's own welfare
- notice the event (2)
- hurried? information overload (may not notice)
- interpret the event
- ambiguity of the event
- determine fault (2)
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1.norm of social justice-help those who deserve our help
2.just world-people get what they deserve - determine personal responsibility (5)
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1.diffusion of responsibility
2.bystander effect-won't act if surrounded by others
3.audience inhibition effect-afraid of consequences if help isnt needed
4.norm of social responsibility-we are supposed to help those in need
5.norm of sympathy-help others based on our relationship to them - final decision to help (3)
- percieved danger, similarity, mood
- aggression
- any act against a person or property with the intent to harm even if harming is unsuccessful
- frustration-aggression hypothesis
- agressive behavior motivated by frustration that arises when the progress to acheiving a goal is interrupted
- social resource theory
- act aggressively because the costs of doing so don't offset the forseable benefits (do b/c they can)
- intergenerational theory
- agressive behavior arises because of a person's exposure to aggressive models as a child
- pool of availibles
- those would you could possibly form a relationship with (preferences, institutional structures, geographical)
- physical proximity/functional space
- mere exposure can be positive or negative feelings
- what is beautiful is good
- belief that attractive people tend to have other desirable traits as well
- matching hypothesis
- people tend to go for others who are similarly attractive
- contrast effect
- goes against matching hypothesis: says that attractiveness depends on what you have to compare it against
- similarity vs dissimilarity
- opposites attract? only when similarites outweigh dissimilarities...its the proportion that matters
- mutual liking
- reciprocity, we like those who like us
- psychological reactance theory
- playing hard to get; psychological state that arises when one believes there choices are being limited
- excitation transfer
- arousal from one stimulus gets added to the arousal from a second stimulus and the combined arousal is then attributed to the second stimulus
- passionate love
- highly sexual, fear of rejection, high arousal and attraction
- companionate love
- stable, trusting affection
- social construction of love
- love has no inherit meaning; based on how we interpret and label feelings and reactions
- two factor theory of emotion
- first you have an internal state of arousal which is followed by emotional identification or labeling
- social exchange theory
- act in a way to gain rewards and avoid costs in a relationship
- comparison level
- social exchange theory; general expectations
- comparison level of alternatives
- social exchange theory; expectations of rewards from an alternative situation
- equity theory
- act in order to create equity (equal proportions of benefits and costs for each person in the relationship)
- investment model
- commitment depends on number of rewards recieved, commitment predicts prosocial behaviors within a relationship which predicts satisfaction