2&3
Terms
undefined, object
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- matter
- anything that takes up space and mass
- atom
- smallest living unit of matter that has the characteristics of an element. consists of particles
- electrons
-
negative
form cloud around nucleus - atomic nucleus
- oppposite charges allow electrons and protons to get packed together to form a dense core at the bottom of the atom.
- atomic number
-
it's a subscript 2 the left
number of protons same as atomic number - mass number
-
protons+electrons in nucleus
superscript to the left
neutrons can be figured out by subtracting atomic and mass #s
its an estimate of the total mass of an atom - isotopes
- different atomic forms of an element
- compound
- the mixing of 2 or more elements at a fixed ratio
- molecule
- 2 or more atoms held together by a covalent bond
- structural formula
- H--H line represents covalent bond.
- orbital
- space where electron is found 90% of the time
- covalent bond
- 2 atoms share a pair of outer electrons (valence electrons).
- double covalent bond
- 2 pairs of valence electrons
- nonpolar covalent bond
- electrons are shared equally betweeen elements that have atoms with an electronegativity less than 0.5
- polar covalent bond
- electrons arent shared equally since one atom is more electronegative than the others
- ion
- charged atom or molecule
- what is a postive ion called
- cation
- what is an anion
- a negative ion
- ionic bond
- opposites attract. cations and ions get together.
- hydrogen bonds
- usually occurs with possitive hydrogen that is attracted to an elecronegative atom i.e. oxygen
- element
-
pith, essence elemental.
an element cant be broken down further - dissociation
-
it's rare and irrervisble
formed by 2 electronegative oxygens of the carboxyl group pulling shared electron from hydrogen. - cohesion
- hydrogen bonds hold and unify a substance of like molecules
- adhesion
- 1 substance clinging on to another
- surface tension
- it's a type of measurement as to how difficult it is to break or stretch the surface of a liquid.
- when does water freze?
- at sea lvl water freezes at 0 degrees celsius.
- specific heat
-
how much heat has to be absorbed or lost for a substance to change its temp.
1cal/g/ - what is the term that defines the turning of a liquid into gas
- vaporization/evaporation
- solvent
- dissolving agent of a solution
- solute
- the substance that is dissolved
- hydrophilic
-
lover of water!
anything that has an affinity with water - hydrogen ion
- single proton with a charge of +1
- hydroxide ion
- a water molecule that loses its proton is now a hydroxide ion (OH-)
- acid
- increases the amount of H+ in a solution
- bases
- decreases amt of hydrogen ion in solution
- pH scale
-
pH declines as H+ increases.
pH is based on H+ but implies OH- concentration
7=nuetral
5+=basic - heat of vaporization
- the amount of heat a liquid has to absorb for 1 gram of it to turn into gas
- protons and nuetrons...where are they?
- their in the center of atom inside a nucleus
- whta do u call an atom that loses or gains an electron?
- ion
- nonpolar covalent bond.
- Two atoms of the same element have equal electronegativities; they share electrons equally, forming a___
- An atom is most stable when ...
- it has a full valence shell- this is done by transferring or sharing electrons