Women's Studies 325 Midterm
Terms
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- First wave of feminism
- suffrage, Seneca Falls, began in 1800's
- Second wave of feminism
- late 1960's, reproductive rights, labor rights, violence, etc.
- third wave of feminism
- now! reproductive rights, global women's rights
- What do liberal and cultural feminism have in common?
- Women have value, social change needed, women's concerns are worthy of research and analysis
- Conservatism
- Keep gender roles the same, male centered society
- Different forms of backlash
- Negative stereotypes, insisting on differences, catfight among women
- Steps in scientific inquiry
- question formulation, designing research, analyzing data, interpreting and publishing results
- Looks-ism
- favoring people who are perceived as physically attractive
- stereotypes
- culturally determined pictures of people
- Instrumental traits
- active, independent, aggressive, direct, dominant, competent (can change the world)
- Affective traits
- warm, expressive, sensitive (cares more for people than things)
- ambivalent sexism
- sexist against women in power
- hostile sexism
- anger towards women
- benevolent sexism
- seeing women as weak but nice
- How does the media impact gender roles?
- Gender roles become more rigid
- Sexist language
- trivializes women eg: "suffragette"
- selective attention and encoding
- people pay attention to race and sex - they can distinguish between but not within
- selective recall
- remembering only the things that reinforce stereotypes about someone
- self-presentation
- behaving to confirm what other people expect
- self-fulfilling prophecy
- acting a certain way because you believe people think a certain thing about you; perpetuates stereotypes
- behavioral confirmation
- acting to cause others to behave as you expect
- selective causal attributions
- shortcuts that assume why people act certain ways "she acts like that because she's a woman"
- status
- a person's ability to influence others
- helping
- Because people think women are weak, they help them more. This leads women to think they are weak, and become more dependent.
- tokenism/solo status
- the only member of a social category
- similarities tradition
- women and men are alike, equality
- differences tradition
- men and women are fundamentally different, women's traits undervalued in society
- What does Jean Baker Miller say?
-
Women develop personality traits to help them deal with subordinate status
once a group is inferior, the dominant group justifies it - What are some problems with Carol Gilligan's moral theory?
- Dillemmas were too different, no scoring standard, ignored diversity
- What were problems with Kohlberg's moral theory?
- Dilemmas specific to men
- Dimorphic
- having two forms
- androgens (testosterone, dihydrotestosterone)
- needed to form a male
- estrogens, progestins
- required to make a female
- PRIMO
-
Parts of a sexual profile:
patterns
reproductive structure
identity
mechanisms
orientation - ISNA
- Intersex Society of North America
- transsexualism
- feel like you were born in the wrong body
- Problems with sexual dimorphism
- Assumes there are only two sexes, makes men and women polar opposites
- gender-blenders
- people who represent themselves as the opposite sex without surgery
- gender constancy
- knowing your gender is permanent
- gender typing
- stereotyping what is "feminine" and what is "masculine"
- How do children sex segregate themselves?
-
Different tables at lunch, girl and boy games
children favor their own sex and devalue the other sex - puberty
- "to become hairy" the physical changes
- adolescence
- "to grow up" the cultural part of puberty
- Why do some girls mature late?
- mulnutrition, lack of fat, anorexia
- What is the "silencing" of girls?
- Girls lose the ability to take themselves seriously, "I don't know..."
- Who has the most eating disorders?
- white women
- What are some superstitions related to menstruating women?
- pollutant, angry
- What does early maturation usually lead to?
- earlier adult behaviors, drinking, sex, etc.