psychology 120 illusions
Terms
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- What are false or misleading perceptions?
- Illusions
- Describe the Muller-Lyer Illusion?
- What are the three basic processes of perception?
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Selection
Organization
Interpretation - What are the three factors involved in selection?
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Selective Attention
Feature Detectors
Habituation - What is the filtering out and attending only to important sensory messages?
- Selective Attention
- What are specialized neurons that respond only to certain sensory information?
- Feature Detectors
- What is the tendency of the brain to ignore environmental factors that remain constant?
- Habituation
- What is the assembling of information into patterns that help us understand the world?
- Organization
- What four factors do we use to organize sensory information?
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Form
Constancy
Depth
Color - Gestalt psychologists developed laws explaining how people perceive form according to:
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Figure and ground
Proximity
Continuity
Closure
Similarity - What is the tendency for the environment to be perceived as remaining the same even with changes in sensory input?
- Perceptual constancy
- What are the four best-known constancies?
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Size
Shape
Color
Brightness - Describe the Ames Room Illusion.
- What is the ability to perceive three-dimensional space and accurately judge distance?
- Depth perception
- What is a visual input from two eyes that allows perception of depth or distance?
- Binocular cues
- What is a visual input from a single eye alone that contributes to perception of depth or distance?
- Monocular cues
- What is a binocular cue to distance where the separation of the eyes causes different images to fall on each retina?
- Retinal disparity
- What is a binocular depth cue in which the closer the object, the more the eyes converge, or turn inward?
- Convergence
- What are the six monocular depth cues?
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Linear perspective
Interposition
Relative size
Texture gradient
Aerial perspective
Light and shadow - Define trichromatic.
- Young’s theory that color perception results from mixing three distinct color systems (red, green, and blue)
- Define opponent-process theory.
- Hering’s theory that color perception is based on three systems of color opposites (blue-yellow, red-green, and black-white)
- What are the two theories of color perception?
- Trichromatic and Opponent-process theories
- What are the four major factors involved with interpretation?
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Perceptual adaptation
Perceptual set
Frame of reference
Bottom-up or top-down