Anatomy flashcard muscles 10/24/2004
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Epicranius
Frontal Belly -
Origin=Galea Aponeurotica
Insertion=Skin of eyebrows and root of nose
Action=With Aponeurosis fixed, frontal belly raises eyebrows. -
Epicranius
Occipital Belly -
Origin=Occipital and Temporal Bones
Insertion=Galea Aponeurotica
Action= Fixes Aponeurosis and pulls scalp posteriorly - Obicularis Oculi
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Origin= Frontal and Maxillary bones and ligaments around orbit
Insertion=Encircles orbit and inserts into tissue of eyelid
Action= Various parts can be activated individually, closes eyes, blinking, squinting, and draws eyebrows inferiorly. - Obicularis Oris
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Origin= Arises indirectly from maxilla and mandible, fibers blended with fibers of other muscles associated with lips
Insertion=Encircles mouth, inserts into muscle and skin at angles of mouth
Action= Closes mouth, purses and protrudes lips,(kissing and whistling muscle) - Buccinator
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Origin=Molar region of maxilla and mandible
Insertion=Obicularis oris
Action= Draws corners of mouth laterally, compresses cheek (as in whistling), holds food between teeth during chewing. - Masseter
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Origin= Zygomatic arch and maxilla
Insertion= Angle and ramus of mandible
Action= Closes jaw, elevates mandible, - Temporalis
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Origin=Temporal fossa
Insertion= Coranoid process of mandible
Action= Closes jaw, elevates and retracts mandible - Medial Pterygoid
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Origin= Sphenoid, palatine, and maxillary bones
Insertion= Medial surface of mandible, near its angle.
Action= Synergist of temporalis and masseter, elevates mandible, in conjuction with lateral pterygoid, aids in grinding movements. - Lateral Pterygoid
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Origin=Greater wing of sphenoid bone
Insertion= Mandibular condyle
Action= Protracts jaw, in conjunction with medial pterygoid aids in grinding movements of teeth. - Platysma
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Origin= Fascia of chest (over pectoral muscle) and deltoid.
Insertion= Lower margin of mandible, skin, and muscle at corner of mouth.
Action= Depresses mandible, pulls lower lip back and down (downward sag of mouth) - Sternocleoidomastoid
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Origin=Manubrium of sternum and medial portion of clavicle
Insertion= Mastoid process of temporal bone and superior nuchal line of occiptal bone
Action= Simultaneous contraction of both muscles of pair causes flexion of neck forward, generally against resistance (as when lying on the back), acting independently, rotates head toward shoulder on opposite side. - Digastric
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Origin= Lower margin of mandible (anterior belly) and mastoid process (posterior belly)
Insertion= By a connective Tissue Loop to hyoid bone
Action= Acting in concert elevate, hyoid bone, open mouth and depress mandible. - Pectoralis major
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Origin= Clavicle, sternum, cartilage of ribs 1-6, and Aponeurosis of external oblique muscle
Insertion= Fibers converge to insert by short tendon into intertubercular of humerous.
Action= Prime mover of arm flexion, adducts, medially rotates arm, with arm fixed pulls chest upward, thus also acts in forced inspiration. - Serratus Anterior
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Origin= Lateral aspect of ribs 1-8
Insertion= Vertebra; border of anterior surface of scapula
Action= Moves scapula forward toward chest wall, rotates scapula, abduction and raising of arm. - Deltoid
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Origin= Lateral 1/3 or clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula
Insertion= Deltiod tuberosity of humerous
Action= Acting as a whole, prime mover of arm adduction. When only specific fibers are active, can aid in flexion, extension, and rotation of humerus. - Pectoralis minor
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Origin=Anterior surface of ribs, near their costal cartilages
Insertion=Coracoid process of scapula
Action=With ribs fixed, draws scapula forward and inferiorly, with scapula fixed, draws ribcage superiorly - External Intercostals
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Origin= Inferior border of rib above
Insertion= Superior border of rib below
Action= Pulls ribs toward one another to elevate cage, aids in inspiration. - Internal Intercostals
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Origin=Superior border of rib below
Insertion=Inferior border of rib above
Action=Draws ribs together to depress rib cage, aids in forced expiration, antagonist to external intercostals - Diaphragm
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Origin= Inferior border of rib and sternum, costal cartilages of last six ribs and lumbar vertebra
Insertion=Central tendon
Action= Prime mover of inspiration flattens on contraction, increasing vertical dimensions of thorax, increases intra-abdominal pressure. - Rectus abdominis
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Origin=Pubic crest and symphysis
Insertion=Xiphoid process and costal cartilages of ribs 5-7
Action=Flexes and rotates vertebral column, increases abdominal pressure, fixes and depresses ribs, stabilizes pelvis during walking, used in sit-ups and curls. - External oblique
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Origin=Anterior surface of last eight ribs
Insertion=Linea alba, pubic crest and tubercles, and iliac crest.
Action=See rectus abdominis above. Also aids in muscles of back in trunk rotation and lateral flexion, used in oblique curls. - Internal oblique
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Origin=Lumbar fascia, iliac crest, and inguinal ligament
Insertion=Linea alba, pubic crest, and costal cartilages of last three ribs.
Action=As for external oblique. - Transverse abdominis
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Origin=Inguinal ligament, iliac crest, cartilages of last five or six ribs, and lumbar fascia.
Insertion=Linea alba and pubic crest
Action=Compresses abdominal contents - Trapezius
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Origin=Occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, spines of C7 and all thoracic vertebrae.
Insertion=Acromion and spinous process of scapula, lateral third of clavicle.
Action=Extends head, raises, rotates, and retracts (adducts) scapula and stabilizes it, superior fibers elevate scapula (as in shrugging the shoulders),inferior fibers depress it. - Latissimus dorsi
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Origin=Indirect attachment to spinious processes of lower six thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, last three to four ribs, and iliac crest.
Insertion=Floor of intertubercular groove of humerus.
Action=Prime mover of arm extension, adducts and medially rotates arm, depresses scapula, brings arm down in power stroke, as in striking a blow. - Infraspinatus
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Origin=Infraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion=Greater tubercle of humerus
Action=Lateral rotation of humerus, helps hold head of humerus in glenoid cavity, stabilizes shoulder. - Teres Minor
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Origin=Lateral margin of scapula
Insertion=Greater tubercle of humerus
Action=As for infraspinous - Teres Major
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Origin=Posterior surface at inferior angle of scapula
Insertion=Intertubercular groove of humerus
Action=Extends, medially rotates, and adducts humerus, synergist of latissimus dorsi. - Supraspinatus
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Origin=Supraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion=Greater tubercle of humerus
Action=Assists abduction of humerus, stabilizes shoulder joint - Levatorscapulae
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Origin=Transvers process of C1-C4
Inertion=Medial border of scapula superior to spine
Action=Elevates and adducts scapula, with fixed scapula, flexes neck to the same side. - Rhomboids major and minor
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Origin=Spinous processes of C7 and T1-T5
Insertion=Medial border of scapula
Action=Pulls scapula medially (retraction), stabilizes scapula, rotates glenoid cavity downward. - Semispinalis
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Origin=Transverse process of C7-T12
Insertion=Occipital bone and spinous processes of cervical vertebrae and T1-T4
Action=Acting together, extends head and vertebral column, acting independently (right vs. left) causes rotation towards opposite side. - Erector Spinae
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Origin=Iliac crest, transverse processes of lumbar, thoracic, and cervical vertebrae, and/or ribs 3-6 depending on specific part.
Insertion=Ribs and transverse processes of vertebrae about six segments above origin, longissimus also inserts into mastoid process
Action=Extend and bend the vertebral column laterally, fibers of longissimus also extend head. - Triceps brachii
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Origin=Long head- inferior margin of glenoid cavity, lateral head-posterior humerus, medial head-distal radial groove on posterior humerus
Insertion=Olecranon process of ulna
Action=Powerful forearm extensor, antagonist of forearm flexors (brachilais and biceps brachii) - Biceps brachii
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Origin=Short head-corocoid process, tendon of long head runs in intertubercular groove and within capsule of shouleder joint.
Insertion=Radial tuberosity
Action=Flexion (powerful) of elbow and supination of forearm, it turns the corkscrew and pulls the cork. Weak arm flexor.