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What does argos mean?: Idle or Inert
Chemical properties, such as reactivity, depend on: an element's electron configuration
The highest occupied energy level of a noble gas atom is: filled
When the highest occupied energy level of an atom is filled with ______, the atom is ___ and _________: electrons,
stable,
not likely to react
The noble gasses have ____ electron configurations with 8 valencle electrons.: stable
The chemical properties of an element depend on: the # of VEs
Electron dot diagram: model of an atom in which each dot represents a VE. The symbol in the center represents the nucleus and all the other electrons in the atom.
Elements that do not have ____ sets of VEs tend to ____: complete

react
Some elements achieve ____ electron configurations through the ____ of electrons between atoms: stable

transfer
When an atom gains or loses an _____, the # ______ is no longer equal to the number of ______: electron
protons
electrons
Ion: an atom that has a net positive or negative electric charge
the charge on an ion is represented by..: a plus or a minus sign
What determines the size of an atom or Ion?: atomic radii
Anion: An Ion with a negative charge
Cation: An ion with a positive charge
A particle with a negative charge will attract a particle with a ____ charge.: positive
When an anion and cation are close together a _____ forms between them: chemical bond
Chemical Bond: the force that holds atoms or ions together as a unit
Ionic bond: force that holds cations and anions together
a _____ forms when electrons are transferred from one to another: ionic bond
An electron can move to a higher enegry leven when an atom: absorbs energy
Cations form when: electrons gain enough energy to escape from atoms.
The amount of enegry used to remove an electron is called: ionization energy
Ionization energy varies: from element to element
The lower the ionization energy, the easier it is to: remove an electron from an atom.
Ionization energy tends to _____ from left to right across a period: increase
It takes more energy to remove an electron for a ____ than from a ____ in the same period: nonmetal

metal
Compounds that contain ionic bonds are ionic componds, which can be represented by: chemical formulas
A ______ is a notation that shows what elements a compound contains and the ratio of the atoms or ions of these elements in the compound.: Chemical formula.
Chemical formula: a notation that shows what elements a compound contains and the ratio of the atoms or ions of these elements in the compound.
Subscripts: Used to show the relative # of atoms of the elements present.
If there is only one atom of an element in the formula, no ___ is needed: subscript
___ ____ is used to control dust that is stirred up by traffic on unpaved roads: Magnesium Chloride
The ____ and ____ of a crystal are related: structure

Shape
A chemical formula for an ionic compound tells you the ___: ratio of ions in the compound.
sodium chloride crystals are shaped like: cubes
In a sodium chloride crystal, each ion is surrounded by: 6 oppositely charged ions
Crystals: solids whose particles are arranged in a lattice structure
The shape of an ionic crystal depends on the: arrangment of ions in its lattice
Crystals are classified into groups based on: the shape of their crystals
Shape of crystals: six sided hexagonal
What color is aluminum oxide?: white
Because natural rubies are ___, rubies are often ____: rare

Manufactured
A synthetic ruby boule has a hexagonal crystal structure identical to the Its shape is determined by the: natural ruby gemstone.

arrangement of ions in the crystal
One way of making synthetic rubies is called: the pulled growth method
Who invented the pulled growth method?: Polish scientist Jan Czochralski
Making Rubies: 1 Seed crystal
2 Lowering into the melt
3 Forming a boule
When an ionic crystal is struck,: ions are moved from their fixed positions
Ions with the same ___ repel one another: charge
The properties of an ionic compound can be explained by: the strong attractions among ions within a crystal lattice.
Covalent Bond: chemical bond in which two atoms share a pair of VEs
single bond: When two atoms share one pair of electrons
Electron dot model: Bond is shown by pair of dots in space between symbols for hydrogen atoms
Structural formula: pair of dots is replaced by a line
Electron cloud model and space filling model: show that orbitals of atoms overlap when covalent bond forms
Two hydrogen atoms bonded together form a unit called: a molecule
Molecule: neutral group of atoms that are joined together by 1 or more covalent bonds
The attractions between the shared electrons and the portons in each nucles: hold the atoms together in a covalent bond
When two atoms share a pair of electrons: double bond
Covalent bond in which electrons are not shared equally: Polar covalent bond
One meaning of the term polar: opposite in character, nature, or direction
When atoms form a polar covalent bond, the atom with the greater attraction for electrons has a partial _____ charge. The other atom has a partial ____ charge.: negative

positive
The _____ of atoms in a molecule and its _____ shape are factors that determine whether a molecule is polar or nonpolar.: type

shape
In a molecular compound, there are forces of ____ between molecules: attraction
Attraction between ____ molecules are stronger than atracttions between _____ molecules: polar

Nonpolar
discovered white solid called lime emits bright light when heated to high temp: Thomas Drummond
The name of an ionic compound must distinguish the compound from other ionic compounds containing the _____: same elements
The formula of an ionic compound describes: the ratio of the ions in the compound
Polyatomic Ion: covalently bonded group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge and acts as a unit
The name & formula of a molecular compounde decribe: the type & number of atoms in a molecule of the compound
1: mono
2: di
3: tri
4: tetra
5: penta
6: hexa
7: hepta
8: octa
9: nona
10: deca
tungsten means: heavy stone
Metallic bond: the attraction between a metal cation & shared electrons that surround it
The cations in a metal form a lattice that is held in place by ___ between the cations and the surrounding ____: strong metallic bonds

VEs
The mobility of electrons within a metal latic explains: some of the properties of metals
Alloy: a mixture of two or motre elements, at least one of which is a metal. Alloys have the characteristic properties of metals
Copper alloys: Bronze, makes elements harder and stronger than either metal alone
scientists can design alloys with..: specific properties by varying the types and amounts of elements in an alloy
Steel alloys built: scyscrapers, ships, & automobiles
Other alloys: pure aluminum, magnesium

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