Blue#3 53-79
Terms
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- multilingual states
- countries in which more than one language is spoken.
- language convergence
- the collapsing of 2 lang. into one resulting from the consistent spatioal interaction of ppls with different lang.; the opposite of language divergence.
- monolingual states
- countries in which only one language is spoken.
- dialect
- a regoinal variety of a language distinguished by vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation.
- agriculture theory
- language spred the same way as agriculture????????
- polyglot
- a mixture of different languages.
- lingua franca
- a language mutually understood and commonly used in trade by people who have different native languages.
- standard language
- the form of a language used for official gov. business, education, and mass communications.
- isoglosses
- a boundary that separates regions in which different language usages predominate.
- ideograms
- the system of writing used in China and other East Asian countries in which each symbol represents and idea or a concept reather than a specific sound, as is the case with letters in English.
- creole
- a lang. that results from the mixing of a colonizer's language with the indigenous lang. of the people being dominated.
- generic toponyms
- the discriptive part of many placenames, ofteen repeated throughout a culture area.
- conquest theory
- one major theory of how Proto-Indo-European diffused into Europe which holds the early speakers of Proto-Indo-European spread westward on horseback, overpowering earlier inhabitants and beginning the diffusion and differentiation of Indo-Europeean tongues.
- official language
- the language adopted for use by the government for the conduct of business and publication of documents.
- language families/groups
- a collection of languages related to each other through a common ancestor long before recorded history/
- shatter belts
- places where ppl live???/????
- language divergence
- the opposite of language convergence; a process suggested by German linguist August Schleicher whereby new languages are formed when a language breaks into dialects due to a lack of spatial interaction among speakers of the language and cont. isolation eventually causes the division of the lang. into discrete new languages.
- linguistic refugee areas
- an area protected by isoslation or inhospitable environmental conditions in which a lang. or dialect has survived.
- reverse reconstruction
- figuring out where a word comes from
- pidgin language
- a form of speech that adopts a simplified grammar and limited vocabulary of a lingua franca, used for communication among speakers of two different languages.
- language branch
- a collection of languages related through a common ancestor that existed several thousand years ago. Differences are not as extensive or as old as with language families, and archaeological evidence can confirm that the branches derived from the same family.
- toponyms
- the name given to a portion of Earth's surface.
- Renfrew hypothesis
- hypothesis developed by British scholar Colin Renfrew where in he proposed that three areas in and near the first agricultural hearth, the Fertile Crescent, gave rise to 3 lang. families:Europe's indo-European lang. North African and Arabian languages and the languages in present-day Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan and India.
- language
- a system of communication through the use of speech, a collection of sounds understood by a group of people to have the same meaning.
- language replacement
- replaceing a language
- monoglots
- a person who speaks only one language.
- isolated language
- a language that is unrelated to any other languages and therefore not attached to any language family.