Mr. G physics 11
Terms
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- giga
- 10^9
- delta
- change in
- inverse relationship
- y = 1/x relationship
- position
- where an object is from a reference point
- thermal energy
- total energy stored in matter composed of potential and kinetic energies
- sig figs
- indicates how precise measurement is
- vector
- magnitude and direction
- nano
- 10^-9
- frame of reference
- whatever is considered to be at rest
- light
- particular range of frequencies of electromagnetic waves that stimulate the retina of the eye
- physics
- study of energy and matter and their relationships. study of the physical world. study of nature's rules
- amplitude
- distance from rest position to maximum displacement on a wave
- principle of superposition
- sum of the displacements caused by individual waves
- net force
- resultant of all forces added together
- energy
- ability to do work
- law
- describes a pattern in nature
- Longitudinal
- waves in which vibrations are parallel to the direction of wave travel
- quadratic relationship
- y=x^2 relationship
- primary colours
- red, green, and blue
- quantity
- type of thing being measured
- angle of reflection
- angle between the reflected wave ray and the normal
- micro
- 10^-6
- impulse
- change in momentum; product of the average net force on an object times the time
- tip to tail
- method used to calculate resultant of two dimensional vectors
- friction
- force that resists or force opposite to the motion: ex. static, kinetic, fluid, rolling, etc.
- kilo
- 10^3
- torsional
- waves in which the medium transfers energy by twisting back and forth
- acceleration
- rate at which velocity changes
- wave
- disturbance that transfers energy through matter of space, caused by repeated motion, pulses
- period
- time required for one cycle ( 1 / f )
- milli
- 10^-3
- kinematics
- how things move: relationship among distance, time, speed, acceleration etc.
- diffraction
- bending of waves as waves go through an opening in a barrier
- potential energy
- stored energy (in gr. 11 usually gravitational stored energy)
- direct relationship
- when one side is directly proportional to the other
- power
- the rate at which work is done
- Special Relativity
- Einstein's theory based on the equation E=mc^2
- work
- product of the magnitude of applied force and the distance the object moves (units: N*m)
- destructive
- interference when resultant displacement of wave is less than caused by largest component waves
- distance
- how far some object is from a certain point (no direction)
- kinetic energy
- energy an object has due to its motion
- polarization
- process of removing the light vibration in one of the two planes so that the resulting light awaves are transverse in only one plane
- law of reflection
- law that states that Angle of incidence=Angle of reflection
- velocity
- how fast an object travels with reference to direction
- accuracy
- how close a measurement is to the real answer
- standing wave
- continous wave formed when 2 waves same amplitude and wavelenght interfere
- unit
- what we measure quantity in
- mass
- measurement of amount of inertia an object has
- precision
- degree of exactness
- transverse
- waves in which vibrations are perpendicular to the direction of wave travel
- Aristotle
- Greek philosopher 350 BC who believed speed of falling body is proportional t its weight
- math
- quantitatively describes how the physical world operates
- refaction
- bending of waves as they travel from one medium to another
- joules
- unit for work (newton metres)
- nodes
- points that remain AT REST at all times in a standing wave
- resultant
- sum of vectors
- scientific method
- close observation, controlled experiments, and summarizaion of results
- base units
- système international (SI units) ex. time, length, mass
- force
- push or pull
- watts
- unit for power
- scalar
- magnitude only
- frequency
- number of cycles per second measured in Hz
- field forces
- push or pulls that happen over a distance; do not require physical contact
- theory
- explains the phenomenon
- free body diagram
- diagram used to analyze forces on an object
- rarefactions
- when particles are FAR APART in longitudinal waves
- crests
- HIGH parts of transverse waves
- Celsius
- temperature scale developed by a Swedish astronomer fresh water freezes at 0 and boils at 100
- instantaneous velocity
- slope of the tangent of a displacement vs. time graph
- dispersion
- separation of light into a spectrum by refraction
- contact forces
- pushes or pulls by means of physical contact
- heat
- energy that transfers from hotter to colder objects (symbol: Q)
- pulse
- single disturbance
- centi
- 10^-2
- interference
- occurs when two or more waves act simultaneously on the same particles of the medium
- projectile
- object that has horizontal and vertical motion
- vacuum
- no air resistence
- inelastic collision
- collision in which kinetic energy is NOT conserved
- kelvin
- temperature scale developed by William Thomson a British Mathematician
- wave ray
- indicates direction the waves travel
- momentum
- product of an object's mass and its velocity p=mv (kg*m/s
- troughs
- LOW parts of transverse waves
- doppler effect
- phenomenon that the frequency, or pitch of a sound emitted appears to increase as the source approaches the observer and vise versa
- components
- two or more quantities that are combined to form a resultant vector
- Newton's third law
- when an object exerts a force on a second object the second exerts an equal force back
- speed
- how fast an object travels
- medium
- determines the wavelength and speed
- branches of physics
- breakdown of physics: motion, waves, sound, light, forces etc.
- infrared
- waves with longer wavelengths than red light
- equilibrium
- when the net force is zero
- conservation of momentum
- P a + P b = p a' + p b' if no external force acting on the system, momentum is conserved
- wavelength
- the length of one full wave
- dynamics
- what causes things to move and how much: force, impulse, momentum
- Newton's first law
- if no net force, object remains at rest or at a constant speed
- Fahrenheit
- temperature scale with units degrees F (developed by German Physicist)
- magnitude
- the number
- constructive
- interference when waves have displacement in same direction and therefore bigger bulge
- source
- determines the frequency and amplitude
- normal
- PERPENDICULAR or line PERPENDICULAR to the barrier that the wave hits
- angle of incidence
- angle between the incident wave ray and the normal
- antinodes
- points that experience the MAX displacement on a standing wave
- laws of conservation
- the total initial equals to the total final, therefore no change (object is 'conserved')
- elastic force
- forces by rubber bands, springs, and other stretchy materials k= Fe/x
- compressions
- when particles are CLOSE TOGETHER in longitudinal waves
- tension force
- forces between strings and ropes
- Newton
- (1687 AD) the developper of the three laws of motion (or momentum)
- weight
- force of gravity on an object
- displacement
- change in position
- wave front
- continous crest or trough
- centripetal acceleration
- acceleration towards the centre (not centrifugal acceration)
- conservation of energy
- total amount of energy stays constant from initial to final
- Newton's second law
- acceleration of a body is directly proportional to the net force and inversely propotional to the mass
- termperature
- measurement of avg. thermal energy per molecule
- normal force
- force perpendicular to the surface object is on
- elastic collision
- collision in which kinetic energy is conserved
- ultraviolet
- waves with shorter wavelenghts than violet light
- mega
- 10^6
- Galileo
- person (1590 AD) who discovered all objects fall to earth at same constant acceleration