Pre-Physics
Pre-Physics: Metrics, Motion, Newton's laws, energy, work, simple machines etc.
Terms
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- projectile
- Any object shot of thrown through the air
- time
- The interval between two events
- kinetic friction
- Kinetic (or dynamic) friction occurs when two objects are moving relative to each other and rub together
- ideal machine
- A machine in which work input equals work output.
- law of conservation of energy
- a law stating that energy can form but can't be created nor destroyed under ordinary conditions
- Newton's Second Law of Motion
- An object's acceleration depends on its mass and the Fnet upon it.
- kilogram
- The SI unit for mass
- liter
- Base unit of volume for LIQUID
- inclined plane
- A simple machine consisting of a ramp used to raise objects.
- instantaneous speed
- The rate of motion at a given instant in time (car speedometer)
- meter
- The SI base unit of length
- mechanical advantage
- The number of times a machine multiplies the effort force applied to it.
- kelvin
- The SI unit for temperature
- machine
- a device that makes work easier
- specific heat
- The amount of enegy needed to raise 1 kg of material 1 degree.
- density
- Describes how tighly packed a substance's molecules are.
- kinetic energy
- Energy in motion. The greater the mass and velocity, the greater the KE
- inelastic collision
- objects collide and stick together
- net force
- The sum of the forces on an object when unbalanced forces are applied to it.
- second
- The SI unit for time
- momentum
- property of any moving object. product of mass and velocity
- potential energy
- Stored energy.
- elastic collision
- objects collide and bounce off each other
- screw
- A simple machine consisting of a special type of inclined plane wrapped in a spiral around a cylindrical post
- volume
- The amount of space occupied by an object.
- force
- A push or pull one object exerts on another.
- pulley
- a simple machine consisting of a grooved wheel with a rope or a chain running along the groove.
- fulcrum
- The fixed point around which a lever pivots.
- friction
- The force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are touching each other
- air resistance
- frictional force air exerts on a moving object. depends on shape, density, speed, and size
- average speed
- A rate of motion determined by= d/t
- energy
- The ability to cause change.
- wheel and axle
- A simple machine consisting of two different sized wheels that rotate together, such as a doorknob or wheel-handled faucet.
- temperature
- a measure of the average KE of the particles that make up matter. More KE of particles=higher temp. Less KE= lower temp.
- inertia
- The tendency of an object to resist any change in its motion
- resistance force
- the force exerted by a machine to overcome resistance to gravity or friction.
- balanced forces
- forces that are equal in size and opposite in direction
- simple machine
- a device that accomplishes work with only one movement.
- effort force
- the force applied to a machine when a machine is used to do work.
- effort arm
- The part of a lever on which an effort force is applied.
- constant speed
- speed that does not change
- standard
- In measurement, an exact quantity that everyone agrees upon.
- heat
- Thermal energy that flows from warmer material to a cooler material.
- mass
- The amount of matter in an object
- thermal energy
- Total energy of a material's products, including PE and KE
- terminal velocity
- the greatest velocity reached by a falling object. Occurs when force of gravity is balanced by air resistance
- SI
- Modern version of metric system. Based on powers of 10.
- wedge
- a simple machine consisting of a moving inclined plane with one or two sloping sides. examples are knives and chisels.
- acceleration
- The rate of change in velocity
- mechanical energy
- The total amount of KE and PE in a system
- graph
- a visual display of information or data
- velocity
- the speed and direction of a moving object
- resistance arm
- The part of a lever that exerts the resistance force.
- centripal acceleration
- Acceleration toward the center of a circle by an object moving along a circular path
- static friction
- Static friction is the force between two objects that are not moving relative to each other.
- derived unit
- Unit of measurement obtained by combining SI units (density= mass/volume)
- lever
- a simple machine consisting of a bar that is free to rotate around a fixed point.
- speed
- How fast something is going
- work
- The transfer of energy through motion. Measured in JOULES
- law of conservation of momentum
- states that the total momentum of a group of objects is conserved unless a net force acts on the objects.
- centripal force
- The force that causes an object moving along a circular path to move toward the center of the path