Intro to child development
Terms
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- social cognition
- understanding interactions and why people do things
- self esteem
- high in preschool years
- the concept of "society of children"
- the share information as a group to help them move forward as a group
- cognitive theory
- as children become less egocentric and more concrete in their thinking, they are able to understand themselves and others better
- children evaluate themselves using....
- social comparison
- leanred helplessness
- past failures teach them that they can't do things and they learn to be helpless
- friendships shift from
- big groups to small groups
- agressive rejection
- due to confrontational behavior
- withdrawn rejection
- due to anxious/withdrawn
- attributional retraining
- encourages children to rethink their negative assumptions about other people's motives and intentions
-
social problem solving
(peer acceptance) - help children devise more thoughtful, creative ways to resolve conflicts in peer interactions
-
social skills training
(best way to help a child) - teachs specific skills and behaviors to use to improve peer relationships
-
support interventions
(peer acceptance) - academic tutoring, help understanding and cooperating with classroom rules and work to change peer groups perception of a child
- family functions
-
food shelter clothing
encourage learning
develop childs self esteem
nurture peer friendships
provide harmony and stability - variables that affect succes or failure for children
-
parenting style
one v. two adults in charge
genetic or legal relationships among housmates
socio-economic status - types of family situations
-
nuclear (highest succes rate)
single parent
blended familes
grandparent families
adoptive familes
foster familes - nuclear
-
parental alliance
genetic investment
financial advantave - single parent familes
-
90% female head
10% male head
Variables affected:
harmony
stability of daily life
stability for younger and older children
sex of child - blended families
-
if custodial mother or father remarries they become a blended family
life often improves dues to financial issues and self esteem of parent - psychiatric disorders associated with risk factors from stress
-
severe martial discord
low social status
overcrowding or large family size
paternal criminality
maternal psychiatric disorder
admission chd to local auth.
if only one of those risk than they have no more chance of disorders than normal kids
if two - double
if four - four times as much as if two - competence
- helps the child gain confidence by seeing they are good at something
- definition of puberty
- going from child to adult with the added possibility of reproduction
- growth spurts start in the __ and then the __
-
limbs
core
(disimal, proximal) - changes that occur
-
lungs expand and gain capacity to sustain amounts of activity for longer amounts of time
acne due to sweat and oil glands developing further - vitamins and nutrients that are deficient in children
- Iron in females
- concrete vs. piagets view
-
capable of thinking in formal operations but don't always
some alternate - patterns of thinking
-
egocentrism
invincibility
fantasies and fables
imaginary audiences - cognitive and intellectual development in schools
-
studies done in JH and HS teachers say that they don't have high expectations because the students are lazy the teachers think of themselves as "gate keepers"
and students say that the teachers are more demanding - Ego Involvement learning
- cooperative learning, teaming together to find a solution
- multiple selves
-
various intellectual fantasies about what the future might bring if one or another course of action is chosen
sort of like trying on a bunch of hats to see which you like best but doing so with your identity, likes and dislikes, etc. - false self
- a set of behaviors that are adopted by a person to combat rejection, to please others, or to try out as a possible self
- idenity vs role confusion
- when a person is trying to figure out who they are
- achieved identity
- the point where a person finally figures out who they are
- foreclosure
- premature identity formation, or when a person adopts a parents or societies roles and values wholesale without questioning or analyzing
- negative identity
- an identity that is taken as an act of defiance because it is the opposite of what a parent or society thinks or says you can be or are
- identity diffusion
- a situation in which an adolescent does not seem to know or care what his or her identity is
- identity moratorium
- a pause in identity formation that allows young people to explore alternatives without making final identity choices
- gender identity
- a persons identification of the self as either male or female with acceptance of all the roles and behaviors that society assigns to that sex
- parasuicide
- attempt to commit suicide but is unsuccessful
- suicide ideation
- thinking about commiting suicide
- generational stake
- the need to each generation to view family interactions from it's own perspective because each has a different investment in the family scenario
- parental monitoring
- that is, parental vigilance regarding where one's child is
- hypothalamus
- are in the brain that is dedicated to directing the production of hormones via the pituitary gland
- gonads
- sex glands in humans (ovaries in women, testicles in males)