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A.P. Language and Compositon Rhetorical Terms & Glossary 2

Terms

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Dramatic Irony
when the reader is aware of an inconsistancy between a fictional or nonfictional character's perception of a situation and the truth of that situation.
Emotional Appeal
When a writer appeals to reader's emotions (often through pathos) to excite and involve them in an argument.
Epigraph
the use of a quotation at the beginning of a work that hints at its theme. Hemingway begins The Sun Also Rises with two epigraphs. One of them is "You are all a lost generation" by Gertrude Stein.
Ethical Appeal
When a writer tries to persuade the audience to respect and believe him or her based on a persentation of image of self through the text. Reputation is sometimes a factor in ethical appeal, but in all cases the aim is to gain the audiences confindence.
Euphemism
A more acceptable and usually more pleasant way of saying somthing that might be inappropriate or unconfortable. "He went to his final reward" is a common euphemism for "he died." Euphemisms are also often used to obscure the reality of a situation. The military uses "Collateral Damage" to indicate civilian deaths in a military operation.
Euphony
A succession of harmonious sounds used in poetry or prose; the opposite of cacophony.
Example
An individual instance taken to be representative of a general pattern. Arguing by example is considered reliable if examples are demonstatable ture or factual as well as relevent.
Explication
The art of interpreting or discovering the meaning of a text. Explication usually involves close reading and special attention to figurative language.
Exposition
the immediate revelation to the audience of the setting and other background information necessary for understanding the plot; also, explanation; one of the four modes of discourse
Extended Metaphor
a sustained comparison, often referred to as a conceit. The extended metaphor is developed throughout a peice of writing

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