Earth Science Chapters 1-3
Earth Science Chapters 1-3 Definitions/Guide
Sources: Holt Earth Science textbook
Sources: Holt Earth Science textbook
Terms
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- Elevation
- height above sea level
- Consumers
- organisms that are a source of food for other organisms
- Biosphere
- one of the four subdivisions of Earth that contains all of the forms of life on Earth
- Ecosystem
- a community of organisms and the environment that the organisms inhabit
- map symbols for oceans/bodies of water
- blue
- Decomposers
- producers that get their energy by breaking down dead organisms
- Crust
- the thin, solid, outermost zone of Earth
- Earth Science
- the study of Earth and of the universe around it
- Longitude
- the angular (vertical) distance (measured in degrees) east or west of the prime meridian
- Geosphere
- the mostly solid part of the Earth
- Geology
- the study of the origin, history, processes, and structure of the solid Earth
- mass/volume=
- formula for density
- Food web
- a diagram shown to represent the relationships between multiple food chains
- Hydrosphere
- the whole water-covered region of Earth (excluding the vapor/gaseous water)
- Meridian
- a semicircle that runs from pole to pole
- Mesosphere
- the zone of solid mantle rock below the asthenosphere
- Peer review
- the process in which several experts on a given topic review another expert's work on the topic before it gets published
- Meteorology
- the study of the Earth's atmosphere
- System
- an organized group of related objects or components that interact
- Legend
- a list of map symbols and their meanings
- Theory
- an explanation that is consistent with all existing tests and observations
- Carrying capacity
- the largest population that an environment can support at any given time
- Observation
- the process of using the senses of sight, touch, smell, hearing, and taste to gather information about the world
- map symbol for grass/land
- green
- Astronomy
- the study of the universe beyond Earth
- Geologic unit
- a volume of rock of a given age and rock type
- Oceanography
- the study of the Earth's oceans
- Asthenosphere
- a zone of Earth below the lithosphere
- Geomagnetic poles
- the areas on Earth's surface just above where the poles of the imaginary magnet would be
- Cartography
- the scientific study of mapmaking
- Mantle
- the layer that underlies the crust
- Remote sensing
- the process in which equipment on satellites and/or airplanes obtain images of Earth's surface for cartographers
- Scale
- something on a map that indicates the relationship between distance shown on a map and distance in the actual world
- Atmosphere
- the blanket of gases surrounding the Earth's surface
- Isogram
- a line on a map that represents a constant or equal value of a given quantity
- Hypothesis
- a possible explanation or solution to a problem
- Contacts
- two types of these- faults and depositional contacts
- Relief
- the difference in elevation between the highest and lowest places of elevation on a map
- Global positioning system
- a satellite navigation system that is based on a global network of 24 satellites that transmit radio signals to Earth's surface
- Lithosphere
- the part of the mantle and the crust above
- Geologic map
- a map that shows the distribution of geological features
- Map projection
- a flat map that represents the 3-D curved surface of a globe
- Core
- the center of Earth; there is the inner and the outer cores
- Fault
- a crack where rocks can move past each other
- Parallels
- circles that describe the positions of the north and south of the equator
- Independent variable
- a factor that can be changed by the person performing an experiment
- Dependent variable
- a factor that changes as a result of a change in indepent variables
- Contact line
- a place where two geologic units meet
- Topography
- the study of the surface features on Earth
- Producers
- organisms that make their own food
- Latitude
- the angular (horizontal) distance (measured in minutes) north or south of the equator
- Magnetic declination
- the angle between the direction of the geographic pole and the direction in which the compass needle points