science 4.1.-4.2 Ocean Zones
Terms
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- Sonar
-
stands for "SOund" "NAvigation" and "Ranging"
A system that uses sound waves to calculate the distance to an object - Scuba
- Self-Containing Underwater Breathing Apparatus
- Continental shelf
- A gently sloping shallow area of the ocean floor that extends outward from the edge of a continent.
- Continental Slope
- THe steep edge of the continental shelf. The true edge of the continente where the rock that makes up the continent stops and rock of the ocean floor begins
- Seamounts
- mountains completely underwater
- Abyssal plain
- Smooth nearly flat region of the ocean floor, covered with silt and mud
- mid-ocean ridge
-
a continuous range of mountains that winds around the Earth passing through all of Earth's oceans.
Actually consists of two parrallel chains of mountains separated by a central valley - Trench
- A deep canyon in the ocean floor
- What are the layer that cover the earth's core?
-
crust
mantel
core - crust
- thin rocky outer layer of Earth
- mantel
- the thick layer between the crust and the core.
- magma
- hot liquid made by hot temperatures inside the earth of material in the earth's mantel
- lava
- Magma that reaches the earth's surface through cracks in the crust and volcanos. As lava cools it forms a new crust
- plates
- pieces of the Earth's crust along with the upper mantle that lie beneath the continents and the oceans
- seafloor spreading
- a process by which the ocean floor is produce. When plates move apart (diverge) magma squeezes up through the cracks and hardens addd ing a new strip of rock to the ocean floor.
- Into what zones do scientists divide the ocean?
- Intertidal zone, Neritic zone, Open-ocean zone
- How are marine animals classified?
- according to where they live and how they move.
- What are the three categories of ocean organisms?
- Plankton, Nekton, Benthos
- Where does the intertidal zone begin?
- A the highest high tide line on land
- Where does the intertidal zone end?
- At the lowest low tide line on the continental shelf
- Where does the neritic zone start and end?
- It starts at the lowest low tide line on the continental shelf and ends at the end of the continental shelf
- Where is the open ocean zone?
- Beyond the edge of the continental shelf
- What are Plankton
-
tiny algae and animals that float in the water and are carried by waves and currents.
include diatoms, copepods, microscopic crustaceans and tiny young fish - What are Nekton
-
free swimming animals that can move throughout the water column
(squid, fish, whales, seals) - What are Benthos
-
organisms that inhabit the ocean floor
like crabs, octopus, lobsters
sponges and sea anemones - What are "producers"?
- photosynthetic plankton-- use sunlight to produce their own food
- What are consumers?
- eat either algae or other producers
- What are decomposers?
- breakdown waste and the remains of other organisms
- What is a food web?
- The feeding relationships that exist in a habitat