Nutrition Unit V
Terms
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True or False
Carbohydrates provide more energy per gram than lipids. - False-lipids provide more energy per gram than carbohydrates or proteins
- What are two classes of water insoluble lipids?
- simple (aka triglycerides) and structural lipids
- Which of the following are produced by the body for specific functions? Simple or Structural Lipids
- Structural lipids
- Triglycerides with at least one of the fatty acids replaced with carbohydrate, phosphate, and/or nitrogenous compounds are called _____.
- Lipids
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True or False
The majority of lipid in our diet and bodies is in the form of phospholipids. - False, The majority of lipid in our diet and bodies is in the form of triglycerides.
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Saturation of fatty acids depend on the number of:
a. Carbons
b. Hydrogens
c. Glycerols
d. Nitrogens - b. Hydrogens
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What are the most prevalent saturated fatty acids?
a. Oleic and Palmitic
b. Stearic and Oleic
c. Stearic and Palmitic
d. None of the above - c. Stearic and Palmitic
- Stearic and palmitic are two structural components of ___ & ___.
- Tooth enamel & Dentin
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Which of the following acids is not polyunsaturated?
a. Oleic
b. Linoleic
c. Linolenic
d. Arachidonic - a. Oleic acid is a monosaturated fatty acid (and in fact the most abundant monounsaturated fatty acid)
- What foods can you find oleic acid in?
- olive, peanut, and canola oil
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What is the only fatty acid that must be provided in the diet?
a. Oleic
b. Linoleic
c. Linolenic
d. Arachidonic - B. Linoleic- it can be found in sunflower, safflower, corn, soybean, and cottonseed oils
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Phospholipids contain phosphorus and a _____ base in addition to fatty acids
a. carbon
b. nitrogenous
c. hydrogen
d. sulfur - b. nitrogenous
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Which of the following are phospholipids not a structural component of?
a. tooth enamel
b. dentin
c. cementum - c. cementum
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What is the second most prevalent form of fat in the body?
a. cholesterol
b. phospholipd
c. lipoproteins
d. polyunsaturated fatty acids - b. phospholipid
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Phospholipids can mix with _____ ingredients.
a. fat soluble
b. water soluble
c. both fat and water soluble - c. fat and water soluble
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True or False
Phospholipids are important in fat absorption and transport of fats in the blood. - True
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_______ is the most common dietary phospholipid and is found in egg yolks and soybeans.
a. Albumin
b. Lecithin
c. Chylomicrons
d. Stearic Acid - b. Lecithin
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True or False
Lipoproteins are produced by the bidy - True
- Lipoproteins are composed of ___, ____, and _______.
- Triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesterol combined with proteins.
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HDL's are ____ and contain ____.
a. unhealthy; larger amounts of lipids than proteins.
b. Healthy; larger amounds of lipids than proteins
c. Healthy; larger amounts of proteins than lipids
d. Unhealthy; larger amounts of protein - c. Healthy; larger amounts of proteins than lipids
- HDL's transport ____ back to the ____ from cells.
- cholesterol, liver
- LDLs contain a larger amount of ____ and less _____.
- lipids, protein
- What are VLDL's primarily composed of?
- triglycerides
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______ are a class of lipoproteins that transport diet-derived lipids, primarily lipoproteins.
a. Albumin
b. Lecithin
c. Chylomicrons
d. Stearic Acid - c. chylomicrons
- Cholesterol is a fat-like waxy substance classified as a _____.
- sterol
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Cholesterol functions as
1.
2.
3.
4. -
1. A consitiuent of brain and nervous tissue
2. A precursor of vitamin D and steroid hormones
3. A constituent of bile salts
4. A structural component of cell membranes and teeth -
Dietary fats supply ____% of the body's ongoing energy needs.
a. 30
b. 40
c. 50
d. 60 - d. 60%
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Which of the following is an essential amino acid that cannot be synthesized by the body?
a. linoleic acid
b. Linolenic acid
c. arachidonic acid
d. all of the above - a. linoLEIC acid
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True or False
Dietary fats are essential for oral health because they are incorporated in the tooth structure. - True
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Which of the following is a loss of natural elasticity of arteries?
a. atherosclerosis
b. arteriosclerosis
c. arthrosclerosis
d. aterioartherosclerosis - b. arteriosclerosis
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Fill in the blanks.
Laboratory Tests should be..
Total Cholesterol _____mg/dl
LDL Cholesterol _____mg/dl
HDL Cholesterol _____mg/dl
Triglycerides _____mg/dl -
< 200
< 130
> 35
< 200 - Most formulations of fat replaces are _____ & _____ based.
- protein and carbohydrate
- ______ is a fat substitute made from egg white and milk protein.
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Simplesse
Trailblazer is another protein based protein based fat substitute similiar to simplesse - _______ is a synthetic fat resembles conventional dietary fats and can be substituted in many foods.
- olestro