Neuropathology of Mental Retardation
Terms
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- True/False: Self-injurous behavior is not a criterion for Borderline Personality Disorder.
- True.
- There are ___ times more MR children in developing countries than in the U.S.
- 2.5
- Why would a neurologist need to see a MR patient?
- They have higher rates of seizures.
- Where do the majority of MR patients live?
- With their family (60%).
- Why are Down Syndrome patients living longer these days?
- Our ability to correct septal defects (cushion defects).
- When a Down Syndrome patient reaches 60 what they inevitably develop what?
- Dementia (specifically Alzheimer's Disease)
- What is a mental disorder characterized by a disorder of speech, lack of social connectedness, and programmed and repetitive behaviors.
- Autism
- True/False: Many autistic patients are not deficient in intellectual function.
- True
- What is a mental disorder where patients have trouble with social interaction and lack appropriate social behavior?
- Asperger's (Remember: "You're acting like an ass --- berger.")
- Where is the isolate intellectual deficit occuring in patients with a learning disability?
- supratemporal plane
- What is the IQ cutoff for MR?
- 70
- At what age is intellectual disability defined before?
- 18
- Intelligence may correlate with increases in what area of the brain?
- Frontal grey matter
- True/False: Brain size, weight, and surface anatomy correlate with intelligence.
- False
- Which three brain regions are inheritible?
- Broca's, Wernicke's, and frontal grey matter
- List some determinants of brain development.
- socio-economic status, genetics, education, maternal substance abuse, maternal/infant nutrition, systemic disease
- Neuralation occurs up until how many weeks of gestation?
- 24
- Neuron migration is usually completed by which week?
- 40 (12-40)
- When is myelenation completed?
- Around 20 years.
- True/False: The brain is hard-wired by adolesence.
- False. (Not until around age 30)
- Frontal and temporal grey matter decrease during which stage of life?
- Adolesence
- When does scizophrenia and other severe mental illnesses present?
- Adolesence
- The majority of MR cases are caused by what?
- Unknown -- idiopathic (30-40%)
- True/False: Persons with autism or DS typically have normal appearing brains.
- True
- Supra-temporal plane dysfunction causes ____.
- schizophrenia
- Typical presentation of Trisomy 13 (Patau's Syndrome) is _____.
- Holoprosencephaly
- Polymicrogyria is caused by dysfunction of neuron ____.
- migration (Neurons are fixed in the white matter.)
- Cerebral palsy typically presents with _____.
- quadriparesis,dementia, sometimes intellectual defects
- Germinal matrix hemorrhages typicall occur during which weeks of gestation?
- 24 to 30
- Germinal matrix hemorrhages bleed into what area?
- Ventricular area
- True/False: Males and females are equally at risk for childhood stroke.
- False. Males more at risk, especially African Americans.
- Strokes in children are easier/harder to recover from than adult strokes?
- Easier, b/c child brains are more plastic. Functions reassigned to other areas to compensate.
- List some neuropsychiatric complications of Sickle Cell Disease.
-
decrease in IQ, attention, and executive function
increase in psychiatric disorders - List some effects of cocaine on brain development.
-
increase of MR, developmental delay, migration abnormalities
smaller head circumference and lower birthweight
decrease in cortical neurons (neurotoxic) - True/False: Classical conditioning is less effective in MR patients.
- False, b/c sophisticated reasoning is usually absent
- True/False: Medication for behavior problems do not work well in MR patients.
- True