History of Neuroscience and neurosurgery
Terms
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- Trephination
- Brain surgery in Peru -– square cut out of skull – early brain surgery
- Edwin Smith
- case description of neurosurgeries 4000 years ago
- Galen
- systematic study of nervous system – discovered recurrent laryngeal nerves- beginning of real experimental neuroscience
- Vitalism
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espouced by Decarte
Mind/Soul seperate from the Brain - materialism/mechanist theory
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espouced by Darwin
Mind/Soul part of Brain - Cell Pioneers. (name 3)
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Schwann – cell theory – nn system made up of cells
Ranvier
Golgi
Weigert
Ramon & Cajal - Franz Gall
- Phenology – localization of function - palpate scull and determine personality via bumps on scull
- Wernicke
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aphasia in which there is impairment in the comprehension of spoken and written words, associated with effortless, articulated, but paraphrastic, speech and writing; malformed words, substitute words, and neologisms are characteristic.
Result of damage to parietal/temporal lobe
-localization of function - Broca
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damage involved with speech aphasia
localization of function - Karl Lashley
- memory storage localization
- Wilder Penfield
- Brain Stimulation causes inability to speak – evidence of circuits – idea of humunculus
- What is the Function of the CNS
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Internal Communication and Homeostasis
Monitoring of and Response to External Environment - Levels of Study of the CNS
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Molecular/Biochemical
Cellular
Cell Assemblies and Circuits
Organ System
Behavioral - Determinants of CNS Structure
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-Evolution and Natural Selection
-Gene Action and Development