Neuro pharm 5
Terms
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- Salicylates
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- antiinflamm, prophylactic for MI and colon cancer
– covalently! blocks COX1&2,
– does all tox
– large doses can cause salicylism (tinnitus, dizziness, confusion, and nausea)
– moderate dose compensated resp alkalosis, larger uncompensated alkalosis, and v. large doses acidosis, coma, and death
– can also cause Reyes syndrome (encephalitis) in varicella and flu - Ibuprofen
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- inhibits COX 1,2
– as potent as aspirin in antiinflamm, but less GI tox - Acetaminophen
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- antipyretic and analgesic, weakly anti-inflammatory, so not truly an NSAID
– less GI irritation and no Reyes syndrome
– may inhibit alternatively spliced forms of COX1&2 in CNS
– liver tox can occur w/ doses 2-3x recom¬mended dose
- Nephropathy also been associated w/ chronic use - Naproxen
- a widely used, typical non-selective NSAID
- Piroxicam
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- NSAID
- long ½ life, so can be used on a 1x daily regimen
– but mainly non-selective - Etodolac
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- newer drug w/ longer dosing interval (1 x daily)
- relatively mild GI tox
- some selectivity for COX 2 - Nabumetone
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– partially COX2 selective NSAID
– lower GI tox - Misoprostol
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– PGE analog to reduce GI SE’s of chronic tx
– can induce abortions - celecoxib
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- COX 2 I
- substantial reduction in GI tox and don’t inhibit platelet function
- may increase risk of adverse CV events - rofecoxib
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- COX 2 I
- substantial reduction in GI tox and don’t inhibit platelet function
- may increase risk of adverse CV events - valdecoxib
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- COX 2 I
- substantial reduction in GI tox and don’t inhibit platelet function
- may increase risk of adverse CV events - zileuton
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- blocks 5-lipoxygenase
- decreases LT's and used for asthma - zafirlukast
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- blocks LT4
- so decreases LT's and used for asthma - aurothiomaleate
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- Gold Salt, Parenterally administered
- DEMARD w/ unknown mechanism
– Dermatitis, BM impairment, renal tox are SE’s - aurothioglucose
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- Gold Salt, Parenterally administered
- DEMARD w/ unknown mechanism
– Dermatitis, BM impairment, renal tox are SE’s - Hydroxychloroquine
- antimalarial thats a DMARD
- Chloroquine
- antimalarial thats a DMARD
- Etanercept
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- DMARD thats a ‘decoy’ TNF receptor
- SE’s are re-emergence of latent TB, and autoimmune syndromes - Infliximab
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- DMARD thats an anti-TNF monoclonal Ab’s
- SE’s are re-emergence of latent TB, and autoimmune syndromes - Colchicine
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- for gout
- an anti-microtubule agent that blocks LT migration and phago, elieving the attack
– SE’s are GI tox, esp diarrhea - Allopurinol
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- for gout
- inhibits xanthine oxidase the key enzyme in uric acid production
– it reduces urate load and prevents attacks
– SE’s are GI tox - Probenecid
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- Uricosuric Agents for gout
- weak acids that reduce net resorbtion of urate from urine, reducing urate load
– can cause GI irritation - Sulfinpyrazone
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- Uricosuric Agents for gout
- weak acids that reduce net resorbtion of urate from urine, reducing urate load
– can cause GI irritation - dimenhydrinate
- older H1 antagonist
- diphenhydramine
- older H1 antagonist
- fexofenadine
- newer H1 antagonist
- loratadine
- newer H1 antagonist
- Cetirizine
- newer H1 antagonist