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CCNA Chapter 3 Key Terms

Terms

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AM (Amplitude Modulation)
Modulates the height of the carrier wave.
Angle of Incidence
The angle at which the ray hits the glass surface.
Angle of Reflection
The angle at which the ray hits the glass surface.
Attenuation
Loss of communication signal energy.


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backbone
The part of the network that acts as rhe primary path for the traffic that is most often sourced from, and destined for, other networks.
Coaxial Cable
A cable consisting of a hollow outer cylindrical conductor that surrounds a single inner wire conductor.
Crosstalk
The unwanted reception of electromagnetic signals on a wire from a nearby wire.
Dispersion
The Broadening of the light signals along the length of the fiber.
DSSS (Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum)
A Technologyin which transmissions are more reliable because each bit (1 or 0) is represented by a string of 1s and 0s, called a chipping sequence.
EIA (Electronics Industry Association)
A Group that specifies electrical transmission standards. The EIA and TIA have developed numerous well-known communication standards.
FHSS (Frequency-Hopping Spread Spectrum)
A technology in which transmissions hop from one frequency to another in random patterns. This feature enables the transmissions to hop around narrowband interference, resulting in a clearer signal and higher reliability of the transmissions
Fiber-Optic Cable
A physical medium capable of conducting modulated light transmission. Compared with other transmission media, fiber-optic cable is more expensive but is not susceptible to electromagnetic interference. Sometimes called optical fiber
FM (Frequency Modualation)
Modulates the frequency of the wave
IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers)
A proffesional organization whose activities include the development of communications and network standards.

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Impedance
The Resistance to the movement of electron in an AC Circuit.
Media
The plural of medium. Media refers to vaious physical enviroments through which transmission signals pass.
Modal Dispersion
When Multiple modes of light propagating through fiber travel different distances, depending on their entry angles, which causes them to arrive at the destination at slightly different times,
Multimode
A type of fiber-optic cable that transmits more than one light path
Noise
An unwanted electrical signal on a wire that interferes with the quality of the signal by altering its shape.
Patch Panel
An Assembly of Pin Locations and Ports that can be mounted on a rack or wall bracketin the wiring closet. It acts like a switchboard that connects workstations cables to each other and to the outside.
PM (Phase Modulation)
Modulates the polarity (phase) of the wave.
Reflection
The photons of light striking a surface and leaving that surface in an equal but oppisite direction.
Resistance
The property of a material that resists electron movement.
Refraction
The change of direction of a beam of a light when it enters another medium.

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RFI (Radio Frequency Interference)
The noise on wires caused by radio signals.
Single-Mode
and optical fiber that has only one mode of light transmission. contrast with multimode.
SS (spread spectrum)
a modulation technique developed in the 1940's that spreads a transmission signal over a broadband of radio frequencies. The term spread spectrum describes a modulation technique that sacrifices bandwidth to gain signal-to-noise ratio.
Standard
A set of rules or procedures that are either widely used or officially specified.
STP (shielded twisted pair)
A two-pair wiring medium used in a variety of network implementations. STP cableing has a layer a layer of shielded insulation to reduce EMI.
Thicknet
an early form of coaxial cable using 10base5 for networking. Thicknet was once desirable because it could carry signals up to 500 meters.
Thinnet
A simple, thin, coaxial network cable for the 10base2 system. Thinnet can carry a signal only 185 meters, but was much easier to work with than thicknet.
TIA (Telecommunications Industry Associations)
A standards association that publishes standards for telecommunications.
UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair)
A four pair wire medium used in a variety of networks.
Wavelength
The length of a wave measured from anypoint on one wave to the corresponding point on the next wave, The wavelength of light is usually measured in nanometers (nm).

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WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy)
A security mechanism, defined within the 802.11 standard, that is designed to protect the over-the-air transmission between wireless LAN APs and NICs.

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