CCNP 642-891
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- command to enable AAA
- aaa new-model
- What can happen when a port security is violated
- shutdown; restrict; protect
- Command to display MAC address table port-secuity info
- show port-security address
- command to apply a VLAN map named v-list to VLAN 23
- vlan filter v-list vlan-list 23
- Command to show queuing method on int fas 0/1
- show queuing int f0/1
- IP multicast address range: Limited Scope Addressing
- 239.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255
- IP multicast address range: Reserved Local Link
- 224.0.0.0 to 224.0.0.255
- IP multicast address range: Globally Scoped Addresses
- 224.0.1.0 to 238.255.255.255
- IP multicast address range: Source Specific Multicast/ Protocol Independent Multicast
- 232.0.0.0 to 232.255.255.255
- IP multicast address range for GLOP (reserved or orgs that have AS number)
- 233.0.0.0 to 233.255.255.255
- Command to enable multicast routing
- ip multicast-routing
- Command to enable PIM in sparse mode
- ip pim sparse-mode
- Command to show HSRP status
- show standby
- Command to enable HSRP on IF with redundant gateway IP of 172.16.2.3
- standby ip 172.16.2.3
- Default priority for HSRP router
- 100
- 2 queuing methods for Modular QoS CLI,
-
CBWFQ (class-based weighted fair queuing)
LLQ Low Latency Queuing - VRRP
- virtual router redundancy protocol
- Command to identify traffic in QoS CLI
- class-map
- NBAR
- Network-Based Application Recognition
- Command to enable uplink fast on a interface
- spanning-tree uplinkfast
- If an interface is in ON mode what does the adjacent switch interface need to be in to form etherchannel
- ON
- Command to change vtp domain name to cisco
- vtp domain cisco
- Command to make switch learn about vlans from vtp server
- vtp mode client
- Command to give vtp domain a password cisco
- vtp password cisco
- Your switch won’t have ports on neighboring switch vlan but wants to know about those vlans. Also wants to restrict broadcasts, multicasts and unknown unicasts so they won’t consume bandwidth on the trunks. Command to enable this
- vtp pruning
- Commands to enable trunking and encapsulation on an IF
-
switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
switchport mode trunk - Commands to enable only one MAC address on IF
-
switchport mode access
switchport port-security
switchport port-security mac-address xx.xx.xx.xx.xx.xx - Command to ensure IF is not used to get to destination when there are multiple paths
- spanning-tree cost 100
- Command to force a switch to become the root switch
- spanning-tree vlan 1 priority 4096 (or multiple of 4096)
- Command to keep a link from becoming unidirectional due to cabling problem (on IF)
- udld enable
- Three types of ipv6 addresses
-
unicast (single sender to single sender)
anycast (packets sent to closest node in group)
multicast(single message to select group) - What types of EIGRP packets are sent unreliably?
- ack; hello
- What types of EIGRP packets are sent reliably?
- update; query; reply
- Default metric of IS-IS link
- 10
- What is default OSPF network type on physical FR IF?
- non-broadcast
- What is default OSPF network type on Ethernet IF?
- broadcast
- What is default OSPF network type on FR point-to-point, HDLC and PPP IF?
- point-to-point
- command used to view RIP transactions
- debug ip rip
- command to show IS-IS neighbors
- show clns neighbor
- What is OSPF cost of 100 Mbps media
- 1
- What is OSPF cost of 10 Mbps media
- 10
- What is OSPF cost of 1000 Mbps (Gig-E) media
- 1
- command to view OSPF IF information
- show ip ospf interface
- command to enable IS-IS routing on an IF
- ip router isis
- What protocols summarize automatically on classful boundaries?
-
EIGRP
RIP v1
RIP v2
IGRP - What type of LSAs are inter-area?
-
3 summary link advertisements – ABR origin, inter-area lsa
4 summary link advertisements – describe routes to ASBR, inter-area lsa - What type of LSAs are external?
-
5 AS-external – describes routes to other AS ; originates on ASBR
7 NSSA -- generated by NSSA ASBR - What type of routers can IS-IS Layer 2 routers be adjacent to?
-
Layer1/Layer2 router in same area
Layer 2 router in any area - What type of routers can IS-IS Layer 1 routers be adjacent to?
-
Layer 1 router in same area
Layer1/Layer2 router in same area - What OSPF network types elect a DR and BDR
-
broadcast
non-broadcast - What OSPF network types do not elect a DR and BDR?
-
point-to-point
point-to-multipoint
point-to multipoint non-broadcast - What type of OSPF area does not allow type 5 LSAs and cannot have an ASBR?
-
stub area
totally stubby area - NAT keyword that defines one to one translation
-
static
(ip nat inside source static X.X.X.X X.X.X.X) - command to show EIGRP neighbors
- show ip eigrp neighbors
- command to show successors and FD in EIGRP
- show ip eigrp topology
- BGP hold time
- 180 seconds
- BGP keepalive time
- 60 seconds
- BGP external TPC port
- 179
- command for BGP enable on router
- router bgp 65xx1
- command for BGP network on neighbor router
- neighbor xx.xx.xx.xx remote-as 65xx2
- command for BGP to advertise a network connected to it
- network x.x.x.x
- command to configure a loopback IF on BGP router
-
int lo0
ip add X.X.X.X X.X.X.X
no shut - command to configure IBGP session on router from another routers’s loopback IF
-
router bgp 65xx1
neighbor x.x.x.x remote-as 65100 (the common AS)
neighbor x.x.x.x update-source loopback 0
(where x.x.x.x is the loopback IF of your own router) - Steps to influence path selection in BGP
-
1. define access-list
a. access-list 10 permit x.x.x.x 0.0.0.255
2. name the access list
a. router-map pref_change permit 10
3. tell it what to match
a. match ip address 10
4. give it a preference
a. set local-preference
5. identify the incoming address first by going into your own AS then defining the neighbor and telling your router how you want to restrict traffic
a. router bgp 651xx (your router)
b. neighbor x.x.x.x remote-as 652xx (neighbor router)
c. neighbor x.x.x.x router-map pref_change in (apply router map named pref_change to the incoming data on that IF) - commands to make sure your router passes EBGP routes to another router in your AS that your router is the next hop
-
router bgp 65100 (your AS)
neighbor 192.168.2.1 remote-as 65100 (also your AS)
neighbor 192.168.2.1 next hop self - commands to summarize routes on bgp router
-
router bgp 65100 (your AS)
aggregate-address 192.168.100.0 255.255.254.0 summary-only as-set - commands to put OSPF networks in backbone and area 23
-
router ospf 1
network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 23
network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 - command to add a network to OSPF and make it stubby
-
router ospf 1
network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 99
area 99 stub no-summary - command to hide hosts on a NAT inside IF
-
access-list 10 permit 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 (network you want to hide)
ip nat inside source list 10 interface s0 overload (applies access-list to IF)
int e/0#> ip nat inside
int s/0#> ip nat outside - enable EIGRP on both router IFs
-
router eigrp 23
network 192.168.2.0
network 192.168.100.0 - commands to configure autos summary of 10.12.0.0 – 10.16.0.0 on Serial 0
-
interface s0
ip summary-address eigrp 45 10.12.0.0 255.252.0.0 5 (admin distance of 5) - command to apply outbout prefix-list named pre_list to bgp peer 192.168.23.23
- neighbor 192.168.23.23 prefix-list pre_list out
- BGP port used to create and maintain connections
- 179
- command to show adjacent routers
- show ip ospf neighbors
- default EIGRP hello interval and hold time
- 5 and 15 seconds
- default EIGRP low-speed NBMA media hello interval and hold time
- 60 and 180 seconds
- IS-IS valid hello packet types
-
LAN
point-to-point - command to advertise 172.16.24.0 – 172.16.31.0 out of area 0
- area 0 range 172.16.24.0 255.255.248.0
- what is the administrative distance of EIGRP
- 90
- What is the administrative distance of OSPF
- 110
- What is the administrative distance of RIP
- 120
- What does sh ip mroute prepend the display with for a shared path tree
- *
- What does sh ip mroute prepend the display with for a source route or shortest path tree
- S, G
- command to ensure that egress traffic in the native vlan is tagged
- set dot1q-all-tagged enable
- GLBP
- Gateway Load Balancing Protocol (load balancing over multiple routers with virtual ip address and multiple virtual MAC addresses)
- What is used to tunnel IPv6 inside IPv4
- IPv4-mapped IPv6
- Convert this: 00-ac-00-4f-2b-5c to a Local link address
- FE80::02AC:FF:FE4F:2B5C
- What do you append the last 23 bits of an IP address to find the MAC address
- 01:00:5E
- command to verify spanning tree is configured on a Cat-OS switch
- show spantree summary
- command to show current state of spanning tree for one vlan
- show spantree vlan_id
- command to show spanning tree statistics
- show spantree statistics
- command to show if backbonefast is configured
- show spantree backbonefast
- command to show spanning tree state of Token Ring port
- show spantree portstate
- command to show path cost for VLANS on a port
- show spantree portvlancost
- command to show uplinkfast settings
- show spantree uplinkfast
- Name three tables created by OSPF process.
- link state database; neighbor table; routing table
-
Port ON Off Auto Desirable Non-negotiate
On Y N Y Y Y
Off N N N N N
Auto Y N N Y N
Desirable Y N Y Y Y
Non-negotiate Y N N Y Y -
Port ON Off Auto Desirable Non-negotiate
On Y N Y Y Y
Off N N N N N
Auto Y N N Y N
Desirable Y N Y Y Y
Non-negotiate Y N N Y Y - With what modes will a trunk be formed in ISL or 802.1q if the trunk is set in Desirable?
-
trunk
desirable
auto - With what modes will a trunk be formed in ISL or 802.1q if the trunk is set in Auto?
-
trunk
desireable - With what modes will a trunk be formed in ISL or 802.1q if the trunk is set in trunk?
-
desireable
auto - Default port STP port priority
- 128
- STP port cost 10/100; 100; 1000 Mbps
- 19;19;4
- Type 1 LSAs deal with :
-
routers in an area
generated by routers in an area
contain router id
contain connected networks - Type 2 LSAs deal with :
-
network in an area
scope is the originating area
generated by any router in area
contain network address
contain connected routers - Type 3 LSAs deal with :
-
summary info for inter-area routes
scope includes backbone and non-backbone that have no stubbiness
generated by ABRs
contain inter-area router info - Type 5 LSAs deal with:
-
external routes
scope is the routing domain except for stubby and totally stubby areas
generated by ASBRs
contain route info outside the routing domain - Type 7 LSAs deal with:
-
Not So Stubby Areas
scope is the originating area
generated by ASBRs with NSSAs and converted to type 5 LSAs by the NSSA ABR with highest router ID
contain info about routes outside the routing domain - Which queuing methods do not adjust themselves to traffic load?
-
Custom queuing (CQ)
Priority queuing (PQ) - Which queuing methods adjust to traffic load?
-
CBWFQ and
WFQ - What are valid frame identifications methods on Cisco switches?
-
LANE
ISL
802.10
802.1Q - What does next hop 0.0.0.0 in “show ip bgp†command
-
route announced using aggreagate-address
route learned locally via redistributed IGP - What queuing method drops packets based on IP precedence?
- WRED
- What type of queuing gives priority to low bandwidth traffic?
- WFQ
- BGP routing decision matrix.
-
1.Next hop unreachable
2.Weight 3.Highest local pref 4.Routes originated on this router 5.Shortest AS path
6.Interior Origin 7.Lowest MED 8.Prefer external over internal sources 9.Closest IGP neighbor 10.Lowest originating router ID - What are the six states of HSRP
-
1 2 3 4 5 6
Initial Learn Listen Speak Standby Active - What happens in the initial state of HSRP?
-
nothing
HSRP not running - What happens in the learn state of HSRP?
-
waiting to hear from active router
no virtual IP determined
no hello recognized - What happens in the listen state of HSRP?
-
knows virtual IP
is neither active or standby
listening for hellos - What happens in the speak state of HSRP?
-
sends periodic hellos
participating in election of active or standby router - What happens in the standby state of HSRP?
-
candidate to become active
sends periodic hellos
only one router in standby state - What is EIGRP formula to calculate metric?
-
(10000000/bw) * 256 – bw is the lowest bw in the path
simplified to: metric = bandwidth + delay - How does EIGRP define a successor.
-
If reported distance is less that feasible distance
and has lowest cost path to destination - What are the three define attributes of BGP communities?
-
no-export do not advertise through eBGP
no-advertise do not advertise to any peer
internet: advertise to all - What are three characteristics of a BGP community?
-
not restricted to one AS
involved in redistribution
filters traffic in and out - What RFC for BGPv4
- 1771
- What RFC for ICMP (router discover protocol IRDP)
- 1256
- What RFC for VRRP (virtual router redundancy protocol)
- 2338
- What does EIGRP use as a metric?
- bandwidth, reliability, delay, loading, MTU
- command to show if spanning tree is correctly configured on Cat OS
- show spantree summary
- What type of area restricts propagation of type 3LSAs and routers within the area are only aware of ABR addresses and do not know what type of ABR provides the best path?
- Totally stubby area
- What are the three different op codes for HSRP routers?
- hello, resign and coup
- What are the five well known community attributes of BGP?
-
Local-as : confederations; prevents sending packets outside the local as
No export : don’t advertise routes to external BGP peers
No-advertise : don’t advertise this route anywhere
None : apply no community attribute
Internet : advertise to the any router in the internet community - External BGP administrative distance
- 20
- EIGRP administrative distance Internal route
- 90
- Administrative distance OSPF route
- 110
- administrative distance Internal BGP
- 200
- Multicast address for all OSPF routers
- 224.0.0.5
- Multicast address for all RIPV2
- 224.0.0.9
- Multicast address for all OSPF designated routers
- 224.0.0.6
- Multicast address for all EIGRP routers
- 224.0.0.10
- IP protocol number for EIGRP
- 88
- IP protocol number for IGRP
- 9
- IP protocol number for OSPF
- 89
- commands to configure access list on S0 for nat
- access-list 1 permit 192.168.x.0 ip nat inside source list 1 interface serial 0 overload
- commands to configure e0 and s0 as inside and outside nat interfaces
- interface e0 / ip nat inside -- interface s0 / ip nat outside
-
command to summarize 172.16.0.4 on e0
(rip) - ip summary-address rip 172.16.0.0 255.255.252.0
- command to encrypt all passwords
- service password-encrypt
- command to show the link state database of IS-IS
- show IS-IS database
- What device best controls broadcasts
- router
- What are the two primary functions of a router
- path determination; packet switching
- What is 802.1w RSTP
- faster version of 802.1d (STP)
- What are the five port types of RSTP
- backup, alternate, root, disabled, designated
- What two parameters are sent with VTP
- revision number and management domain
- What three attributes of hello packets do IS-IS routers sharing a common link need to become neighbors?
- matching MTUs, IS types and clear passwords (if authentication is enabled)
- What are two advantages of VTP2 over VTP1
- support for token ring, consistency checking
- How much encapsulation data added to a frame by ISL
- 30 Bytes
- Type 1 LSA is what type of entry
- router link
- What protocol can drop packets based on IP precedence
- WRED
- Do hello and hold time need to match for EIGRP neighbors to form
- no
- What values have to match for EIGRP to form neighbor relationships
- AS and K- values must match
- How long does it take a port to go from blocking to forwarding states during STP calclulation
- 50 seconds
- What switching method does not need the first packet sent to the route processor
- Distributed Switching
- A rendezvous point is needed for what types of modes
- pim sparse-mode; pim sparse-dense-mode
- What queuing method allows for percentages of available bandwidth for each queue
- custom queuing
- RFC # for ICMP (IRDP)
- RFC 1256
- RFC # for BGPv4
- RFC 1771
- RFC # for VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol)
- RFC 2338
- command to encrypt all passwords?
- service password-encrypt
- command to show the link state database of IS-IS?
- show IS-IS database
- What device best controls broadcasts?
- router
- What are the two primary functions of a router?
- path determination; packet switching
- What is 802.1w RSTP?
- faster version of 802.1d (STP)
- What are the five port types of RSTP?
- backup, alternate, root, disabled, designated
- What two parameters are sent with VTP?
- revision number and management domain
- What are two advantages of VTP2 over VTP1?
- support for token ring, consistency checking
- How much encapsulation data added to a frame by ISL?
- 30 Bytes
- Type 1 LSA is what type of entry?
- router link
- What protocol can drop packets based on IP precedence?
- WRED
- Do hello and hold time need to match for EIGRP neighbors to form?
- no
- What values have to match for EIGRP to form neighbor relationships?
- AS and K- values must match
- How long does it take a port to go from blocking to forwarding states during STP calclulation?
- 50 seconds
- What switching method does not need the first packet sent to the route processor?
- Distributed Switching
- A rendezvous point is needed for what types of modes?
- pim sparse-mode; pim sparse-dense-mode
- What queuing method allows for percentages of available bandwidth for each queue?
- custom queuing
- RFC # for ICMP (IRDP)?
- RFC 1256
- RFC # for BGPv4?
- RFC 1771
- RFC # for VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol)?
- RFC 2338
- Name four features of IS-IS?
- Fast convergence; rapid flooding of new informaiton; hierarchical; classless
- What four conditions have to be met for two Level 1 routers to form and adjacency?
- Must have: matching passwords; be in same area; configured to use the correct Hellow type; have physical link
- What are used by IS-IS to request a LSP (Link State Packet)?
- PSNP Partial Sequence Packet Number
- Command to prevent helper address from forwarding DHCP requests?
- no ip forward-protocol udp 67 and no ip forward-protocol 68
- Command to make area 10 stubby?
- Area 10 stub
- Command to make area 10 totally stubby?
- Area 10 stub no-summary
- Command to make area 10 not so stubby?
- Area 10 nssa
- Command to show current OSPF entries in routing table?
- show ip router ospf
- Command to debug EIGRP adjacency formation?
- debug eigrp neighbor
- When receiving an update from an external BGP speaker, where will a route reflector advertise the update?
- to all BGP routers withing the AS
- When receiving an update from an a non-client peer where will a route reflector advertise the update?
- to all clients
- When receiving an update from a client, where will a route reflector advertise the update?
- to all clients and no-client peers
- What is the IEEE standard for traffic prioritization?
- 802.1p
- What is the IEEE standard for VLANs?
- 802.1Q
- What is the IEEE standard for Ehternet?
- 802.3
- What is the IEEE standard for Fast Ethernet?
- 802.3u
- What is the IEEE standard for Gigabit Ethernet?
- 802.3z
- What type of PIM mode is best for scattered, intermittant traffic with few receivers and they are separated by WAN links?
- Sparse mode
- What type of PIM mode works with heavy, sustained traffic flow with many receivers and there is close proximity?
- What are the eight levels of IP precedence?
- 0 routine; 1 priority; 2 immediate; 3 flash; 4 flash-override; 5 critical; 6 internet; 7 network
- What is the highest level of precedence you can assign? 5 critical
- What are the valid RSTP port states?
- learning; forwarding; discarding
- What is SLB?
- Server Load Balancing. Allows multiple private devices to share one public IP with NAT.
- In ISL or 802.1q Desireable state will form trunks with what states?
- trunk; desirable; auto
- In ISL or 802.1q auto state will form trunks with what states?
- trunk;desireable
- In ISL or 802.1q Nonegotiate will form trunks with what states?
- You must manually configure it.
- What is the period of time required to take frame bits and transmit them onto the physical media?
- Serialization Delay
- What is the period of time required to process upper layer information and encode the data into Layer 3 packets?
- Packetization Delay
- What is the period of time required for bits to cross the physical media?
- Propagation Delay
- What is the period of time a packet is held in an output queue before transmission?
- Queuing Delay
- What is the period of time from when a networking device receives a packet on an input interace, transitions it to the receive queue and processes it to the ouput queue?
- CPU Latency Delay (not a type of network delay)