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Linux Administration Chapter 9

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When a computer first initializes, the ______ on the mainboard performs a Power On Self Test (POST).
BIOS
When a computer first initializes, the BIOS on the ______ performs a Power On Self Test (POST).
mainboard
When a computer first initializes, the BIOS on the mainboard performs a ______.
Power On Self Test (POST)
Following the POST, the BIOS checks its configuration in the ______ on the mainboard for boot devices to search for and operating systems to execute.
CMOS chip
After checking for an operating system on floppy disk or cd-rom devices, the computer usually then checks the _____ on the first hard disk of the computer
MBR
Master Boot Record
The MBR may have a ______ on it so that it can locate and execute the kernel of the operating system.
boot loader
The MBR may have a boot loader on it so that it can locate and execute the ______ of the operating system.
kernel
The partition that the MBR points to is referred to as the ______ partition.
active
The Linux kernel is stored in the _____ directory.
/boot
True or false:
The name of the Linux kernel includes the kernel version number.
true
True or false:
The name of the Linux kernel includes the kernel distribution number.
false
True or False:
Once the Linux kernel is loaded into memory, the boot loader remains active.
false
Once the Linux kernel is loaded into memory, the boot loader is no longer active and the kernel continues to initialize the system by loading _____ into memory.
daemons
The first daemon process on the system is called ______.
init
The first daemon process on the system is called init which stands for ______.
initialize daemon
The daemon process responsible for loading all other daemons on the system is called ______.
init
Using the boot loader to boot one of several operating systems is known as ______.
dual booting
True or False:
More than one operating system may be active on a computer at any one time.
false
The two most common boot loaders for Linux systems today are _____ and ______.
LILO
GRUB
"LILO" stands for ______.
LInux LOader
From the LILO boot loader screen you may press the ______ key combination to obtain a LILO boot prompt.
ctrl + x
The LILO boot loader may be configured by editing the _______ file.
/etc/lilo.conf
Lines may be commented out of /etc/lilo.conf by preceding those lines with a _____.
#
What does the LILO boot prompt appear as?
boot:
The /etc/lilo.conf keyword that specifies the absolute pathname to the Linux kernel is ______.
image=
The /etc/lilo.conf keyword that specifies the device that contains the Linux root filesystem is ______.
root=
The /etc/lilo.conf keyword that specifies the file that contains the exact location of the Linux kernel on the hard disk is ______.
map=
The /etc/lilo.conf keyword that specifies where LILO should be installed to is ______.
boot=
The /etc/lilo.conf keyword that specifies the number of 1/10th seconds to wait for user input before loading the default operating system kernel is ______.
timeout=
The /etc/lilo.conf keyword that specifies the absolute pathname to the file that contains the graphical LILO screen is ______.
message=
The /etc/lilo.conf keyword that specifies the label for the default operating system kernel is ______.
default=
The /etc/lilo.conf keyword that specifies that LILO uses linear sector addessing is ______.
linear
The /etc/lilo.conf keyword that specifies parameters that are passed to the Linux kernel when loaded is ______.
append=
The /etc/lilo.conf keyword that specifies the file that contains the physical layout of the disk drive is ______.
install=
The /etc/lilo.conf keyword that specifies the pathname to a ramdisk image used to load modules into memory needed for the Linux kernel at boot time is ______.
initrd=
You will initially be presented with a LILO boot prompt if you press the ctrl+x key combination or if the __________ keyword is not included in the /etc/lilo.conf file.
message=
You will initially be presented with a LILO boot prompt if you press the ctrl+x key combination or if the message= keyword is not included in the _______ file.
/etc/lilo.conf
At the lilo boot prompt, you can press the ______ key to see any operating system labels and type the name of the label for the operating system you want to load.
tab
While at the lilo boot prompt, pressing enter will cause the ______ ______ ______ to load.
default operating system
To be able to pass information to the Linux kernel manually at boot time, it is useful to have the ______ keyword in the /etc/lilo.conf file.
append=
At boot time, the system exports detected hardware information to the ______ directory.
/proc
If the Linux kernel does not recognize all the physical memory in the ______ file, add the line append="mem=<correct amount of memory in megabytes>M" to the /etc/lilo.conf file
/proc/meminfo
If the Linux kernel does not recognize all the physical memory in the /proc/meminfo file, add the line append="mem=<correct amount of memory in megabytes>M" to the ______ file
/etc/lilo.conf
If the Linux kernel does not recognize all the physical memory in the /proc/meminfo file, add the line ____________ to the /etc/lilo.conf file
append="mem=<correct amount of memory in megabytes>M"
True or false:
Almost any hardware information may be passed to the kernel via the append= keyword.
true
Almost any hardware information may be passed to the kernel via the ______ keyword.
append=
If you change the /etc/lilo.conf file, ______ must be reinstalled for those changes to take effect.
LILO
To uninstall LILO from an active partition or the MBR, use the ______ command.
lilo -u
Lilo error code _____ means the first part of the boot loader failed to load.
L
If the first part of the LILO boot loader failed to load it is usually as a result of incorrect ______ ______ parameters.
hard disk
LILO error code ______ means the second part of the LILO boot loader failed to load or that the /boot/boot.b file is missing. Adding the word linear to /etc/lilo.conf may fix this problem.
LI
LILO error code LI means the second part of the LILO boot loader failed to load or that the ______ file is missing. Adding the word linear to /etc/lilo.conf may fix this problem.
/boot/boot.b
LILO error code LI means the ______ part of the LILO boot loader failed to load or that the /boot/boot.b file is missing. Adding the word linear to /etc/lilo.conf may fix this problem.
second
LILO error code LI means the second part of the LILO boot loader failed to load or that the /boot/boot.b file is missing. Adding the word ______ to /etc/lilo.conf may fix this problem.
linear
LILO error code LI means the second part of the LILO boot loader failed to load or that the /boot/boot.b file is missing. Adding the word linear to ______ may fix this problem.
/etc/lilo.conf
LILO error code(s) ______ means that LILO has loaded properly but cannot find certain files required to operate such as the /boot/map and /boot/boot.b files. Adding the word linear to /etc/lilo.conf may fix this problem.
LIL
LIL-
LIL?
LILO error code(s) LIL LIL- LIL? means that LILO has loaded properly but cannot find certain files required to operate such as the /boot/map and ______ files. Adding the word linear to /etc/lilo.conf may fix this problem.
/boot/boot.b
GRUB stands for ______.
grand unified bootloader
Which is more recent, LILO or GRUB?
GRUB
The first major part of the GRUB boot loader is called ______.
stage 1
The first major part of the GRUB boot loader is called stage 1 and typically resides on the ______.
MBR
The second and third major parts of the GRUB boot loader are respectively called ______ and ______.
stage 1.5
stage 2
The second and third major parts of the GRUB boot loader are respectively called stage 1.5 and stage 2 and reside in the ______ directory.
/boot/grub
GRUB stage 1 points to ______.
GRUB stage 1.5
GRUB stage 1.5 ______ ______ ______ and then loads GRUB stage 2.
loads filesystem support
Which GRUB stage performs the actual boot loader functions?
stage 2
Which GRUB stage displays a graphical boot loader screen?
stage 2
True or false:
GRUB needs to be reinstalled after editing its configuration file.
false
The configuration of GRUB is accomplished by editing a ______ file.
configuration
GRUB's configuration file is ______.
/boot/grub/grub.conf
GRUB's configuration file is
read directly by the ______ boot loader.
stage 2
The ______ file is a symbolic link to /boot/grub/grub.conf
/etc/grub.conf
The /etc/grub.conf file is a symbolic link to ______.
/boot/grub/grub.conf
A reference for GRUB to refer to the second partition of the first hard disk on the system would look like ______.
hd0,1
A GRUB reference to refer to the first partition of the second hard disk on the system would look like ______.
hd1,0
A GRUB reference to refer to the third partition of the first hard disk on the system would look like ______.
hd0,2
The partition that contains stage 2 of the GRUB boot loader is called the ______ ______ partition.
GRUB root
Normally, the GRUB root partition is the filesystem that contains the ______ directory.
/boot
Using GRUB, the kernel mounts the root filesystem on ______ initially as read only to avoid problems with the fsck command.
/dev/hda2
Using GRUB, the kernel mounts the root filesystem on /dev/hda2 initially as ______ to avoid problems with the fsck command.
read only
Using GRUB, the kernel mounts the root filesystem on /dev/hda2 initially as read only to avoid problems with the ______ command.
fsck
Using GRUB, the kernel mounts the ______ filesystem on /dev/hda2 initially as read only to avoid problems with the fsck command.
root
When there is a /boot partition this means that all kernel and initrd paths are relative to ______.
/boot
To create an encrypted password for use in /boot/grub/grub.conf, use the ______ command.
grub-md5-crypt
At the GRUB graphical boot screen, you may press ______ to boot the default Linux kernel.
enter
At the GRUB graphical boot screen, you may press ______ and enter the correct password (if there is a password) to go to the GRUB configuration boot loader screen.
p
At the GRUB configuration boot loader screen, you may press ______ to edit the configuration used in /boot/grub/grub.conf.
e
At the GRUB configuration boot loader screen, you may press ______ to obtain a grub> prompt.
c
The GRUB prompt looks like ______.
grub>
To view all available commands when at the grub> prompt, type ______.
help
To boot Linux from the grub> prompt type ______ /vmlinuz ro root=/dev/hda2 (or correct location) and press Enter, followed by the word "boot" and then press Enter again to continue the boot process.
kernel
To boot Linux from the grub> prompt type kernel /vmlinuz ro root=/dev/hda2 (or correct location) and press Enter, followed by the word "______" and then press Enter again to continue the boot process.
boot
To install the GRUB boot loader use the ______ command.
grub-install
True or False:
To install GRUB stage 1 on the MBR of the first IDE hard disk you could type:

grub-install /dev/hda
true
To install GRUB stage 1 at the beginning of the first primary partition of the hard drive you could type:
______ /dev/hda1
grub-install
For dual booting with another operating system it is easiest if Linux is installed first or last?
last
Can LILO boot a windows kernel directly?
no
For dual booting the keyword ______ in the /etc/lilo.conf file allows the other operating system to be ignored if it becomes unavailable.
optional
For dual booting the keyword ______ in the /etc/lilo.conf file allows the boot loader present on the other partition to be loaded.
other=
For dual booting the keyword ______ in the /boot/grub/grub.conf file identifies the other operating system.
title
In dual booting, the ______ line in the /boot/grub/grub.conf file indicates that the operating system lies on another partition and should not be automatically mounted by GRUB.
rootnoverify
In dual booting, the ______ line in the /boot/grub/grub.conf file allows GRUB to load another boot loader.
chainloader
A utility used to resize a windows partition while preserving the windows operating system on the windows partition and allows for free space for a Linux intallation is a utility called ______.
FIPS
First non-destructive interactive partition splitter
True or False:
The NTFS file system is supported by FIPS.
false
True or False:
The FAT 32 file system is supported by FIPS.
true
True or False:
FIPS will resize primary and/or logical partitions of Windows.
false
True or False:
FIPS will only resize primary partitions of Windows.
true
True or False:
FIPS will only resize logical partitions of Windows.
false
FIPS splits the Windows partition into ______ partitions.
two
FIPS can be found in the ______ folder on the first Red Hat installation CD-ROM.
dosutils
True or False:
Before using FIPS it is best to defragment the Windows partition to be resized.
true
True or False:
Before using FIPS it is best to not defragment the Windows partition to be resized.
false
To use FIPS you need to copy ______ files to the boot disk from the dosutils/fips20 directory on the first Red Hat installation CD-ROM.
three
True or False:
FIPS will work while the Windows operating system is active.
false
To restore the back up copy of the MBR made by FIPS use ______.
RESTORRB.exe
The Windows boot loader available within Windows NT/2000/XP is the ______ boot loader.
NTLOADER
If you are using the NTLOADER boot loader and installing Linux, you must specify that LILO or GRUB is installed on the first sector of the ______ partition else LILO or GRUB will overwrite NTLOADER on the MBR of the hard drive.
/boot
If you are using the NTLOADER boot loader and installing Linux, you must specify that LILO or GRUB is installed on the first sector of the /boot partition else LILO or GRUB will overwrite ______ on the MBR of the hard drive.
NTLOADER
If you are using the NTLOADER boot loader and installing Linux, prior to configuring NTLOADER, you may boot into Linux with ______ ______ ______.
a boot floppy
If you are using the NTLOADER boot loader and installing Linux, prior to configuring NTLOADER, you may boot into Linux with a boot floppy. Once the system has loaded successfully, you may create a ______ ______ file of LILO or GRUB.
bootable image
To configure the NTLOADER to allow it to boot Linux you must copy the ______ file to C:\ and specify a path to it and a label to be displayed for it on the NTLOADER boot screen.
linboot.bin
The configuration file of the init daemon is ______.
/etc/inittab
"inittab" stands for ______.
init table
The init daemon uses ______ to load other daemons on the system.
/etc/inittab
A ______ defines the number and type of daemons that are loaded into memory and executed by the kernel on a particular system
runlevel
The runlevel that gives a system Halt is runlevel ______.
0
The runlevel that gives single user mode is runlevel ______.
1 or S
The runlevel that gives multi-user mode is runlevel ______.
2
The runlevel that gives extended multi-user mode is runlevel ______.
3
The runlevel that gives graphical mode is runlevel ______.
5
The runlevel that gives a system Reboot is runlevel ______.
6
The runlevel that is not used is runlevel ______.
4
The difference between runlevels 2 and 3 is that 3 has all extra ______ services started.
networking
The difference between multi-user mode and extended multi-user mode is that extended multi-user mode has all ______ networking services started.
extra
Single user mode can only be used by ______.
root
Graphical mode, (runlevel 5) has the same abilities as runlevel ______ but adds a graphical login program.
3
Runlevels can also be called ______.
initstates
To view the current and previous runlevels, use the ______ command.
runlevel
To change the runlevel on a running system, use the ______.
init command
The ______ command is a shortcut to the init command.
telinit
The telinit command is a shortcut to the ______ command.
init
When the init daemon needs to change the runlevel of the system it consults the ______ file which is also consulted when bringing the system to a certain runlevel at boot time.
/etc/inittab
The program ______ initializes the hardware components of the system, sets environment variables such as PATH and HOSTNAME, checks filesystems and performs system tasks required for daemon loading.
/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit
The words on the terminal screen during startup come from the ______ program.
/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit
Most daemons loaded at system startup are executed from entries in /etc/inittab that run the ______ command at system startup to load daemons that start with S in the appropriate /etc/rc.d/rc*.d directory.
/etc/rc.d/rc
Most daemons loaded at system startup are executed from entries in /etc/inittab that run the /etc/rc.d/rc command at system startup to load ______ that start with S in the appropriate /etc/rc.d/rc*.d directory.
daemons
Most daemons loaded at system startup are executed from entries in ______ that run the /etc/rc.d/rc command at system startup to load daemons that start with S in the appropriate /etc/rc.d/rc*.d directory.
/etc/inittab
Most daemons loaded at system startup are executed from entries in /etc/inittab that run the /etc/rc.d/rc command at system startup to load daemons that start with S in the appropriate ______ directory.
/etc/rc.d/rc*.d
Most daemons loaded at system startup are executed from entries in /etc/inittab that run the /etc/rc.d/rc command at system startup to load daemons that start with ______ in the appropriate /etc/rc.d/rc*.d directory.
S
Once the entries in /etc/inittab have been executed, the ______ file is executed to perform tasks that must occur after system startup.
/etc/rc.d/rc.local
For terminal logins, the ______ program is started on tty1 through tty6 and restarted continuously to allow for login after login.
mingetty
______ is the directory in which most daemons are located.
/etc/rc.d/init.d
______ is the script that executes files in the /etc/rc.d/rc*.d directories.
/etc/rc.d/rc
______ is the final script executed during system startup.
/etc/rc.d/rc.local
______ is the first script executed during system startup.
/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit
______ is the partition searched for an operating system after the MBR.
active partition
A program used to load an operating system is a ______ ______.
boot loader
The file used to configure NTLOADER is ______.
boot.ini
A Linux system process that provides a certain service is called a ______.
daemon
This run level provides most daemons and a full set of networking daemons.
runlevel 3
extended multi-user mode
FIPS stands for ______.
First non-destructive interactive partition splitter.
gdm stands for ______.
GNOME display manager
The command used to change the operating system from one runlevel to another is ______.
init command
To reinstall the LILO boot loader based on the configuration information in /etc/lilo.conf use the ______ command.
lilo
The small program normally located on the first sector of the first hard disk drive used to define partitions and a boot loader is the ______.
MBR
Master Boot Record
The common program used in Linux to display a login prompt on a character based terminal is ______.
mingetty
The run level which provides most daemons and a partial set of networking daemons is ______.
runlevel 2
multi-user mode
The boot loader used to boot Windows NT/2000/XP operating system kernels is ______.
NTLOADER
Two interchangeable terms that define a certain type and number of daemons on a Linux system would be ______.
runlevel
initstate
The command used to display the current and most recent previous runlevel is ______.
runlevel command
This runlevel provides a single terminal and a limited set of services: ______.
runlevel 1
single user mode
An alias to the init command would be ______.
telinit command
The Linux kernel file is called ______.
vmlinuz-<kernel version>
xdm stands for ______ ______ ______ which is a graphical login screen.
X display manager

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