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MCSE 70-290

Terms

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802.11
Refers to a family of Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
specifications for wireless networking.
802.11a
An extension to 802.11 that applies to wireless local area networks (WLANs)
and provides up to 54 Mbps in the 5 GHz band.
802.11b
An extension to 802.11 that applies to wirelessLANs and provides 11 Mbps
transmission (with a fallback to 5.5, 2, and 1 Mbps) in the 2.4 GHz band. 802.11b
is a 1999 ratification to the original 802.11 standard, allowing wireless functionality comparable to Ethernet. Also called Wi-Fi.
802.11g
An extension to 802.11 that applies to wireless LANs and provides 54 Mbps
transmission in the 2.4 GHz band. 802.11g is backward compatible with 802.11b,
allowing the two to work together.
access control entry (ACE)
An entry in an access control list (ACL) that defines the level of access for a user or group.
access control list (ACL)
A set of data associated with a file, directory, or other resource that defines the permissions users or groups have for accessing it. In
Active Directory, the ACL is a list of access control entries (ACEs) stored with the object it protects. In Microsoft Windows NT, an ACL is stored as a binary value called a security descriptor.
access token or security access token
A collection of security identifiers (SIDs) that represent a user and that user’s group memberships. The security subsystem
compares SIDs in the token to SIDs in an access control list (ACL) to determine resource access.
account lockout
A security feature that disables a user account if failed logons exceed a specified number in a specified period of time. Locked accounts cannot
log on and must be unlocked by an administrator.
Active Directory
Beginning in Microsoft Windows 2000 Server and continuing in Windows Server 2003, Active Directory replaces the Windows NT collection of
directory functions with functionality that integrates with and relies upon standards including Domain Name System (DNS), Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP), and Kerberos security protocol.
Active Directory–integrated zone
A DNS (Domain Name System) zone stored in Active Directory so it has Active Directory security features and can be used for
multimaster replication.
Active Directory Service Interface (ADSI)
A programming interface that provides access to Active Directory.
ActiveX
A loosely defined set of technologies that allows software components to interact with each other in a networked environment. ActiveX component Reusable software component that adheres to the ActiveX
specification and can operate in an ActiveX–compliant environment.
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
A Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and AppleTalk protocol that provides IP-address-to-MAC (media access control) address resolution for IP packets.
Advanced Configuration Power Interface (ACPI)
An industry specification, defining power management on a range of computer devices. ACPI compliance is necessary
for devices to take advantage of Plug and Play and power management capabilities.
allocation unit
The smallest unit of managed space on a hard disk or logical volume. Also called a cluster.
anonymous FTP
A way to use an FTP program to log on to another computer to copy files when you do not have an account on that computer. When you log on, enter anonymous as the user name and your e-mail address as the password. This gives you access to publicly available files. See also File Transfer Protocol (FTP).
AppleTalk
Local area network architecture built into Macintosh computers to connect them with printers. A network with a Windows Server 2003 server and Macintosh clients can function as an AppleTalk network with the use of AppleTalk network integration (formerly Services for Macintosh).
Archive (A) attribute
An attribute of each file that is used by backup utilities to determine whether or not to back up that file. The Archive attribute is set to TRUE
whenever a file is created or modified. Differential and incremental backup jobs will back up files only if their archive attribute is TRUE.
Associate
To connect files having a particular extension to a specific program. When you double-click a file with the extension, the associated program is launched and
the file you clicked is opened. In Windows, associated file extensions are usually called registered file types.
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)
A network technology based on sending data in cells or packets of a fixed size. It is asynchronous in that the transmission
of cells containing information from a particular user is not necessarily periodic.
attribute
A characteristic. In Windows file management, it is information that shows whether a file is read-only, hidden, compressed, encrypted, ready to be backed up
(archived), or should be indexed.
audit policy
Defines the type of security events to be logged. It can be defined on a server or an individual computer.
authentication
Verification of the identity of a user or computer process. In Windows Server 2003, Windows 2000, and Windows NT, authentication involves comparing the user’s security identifier (SID) and password to a list of authorized users on a domain controller.
authoritative restore
Specifies a type of recovery of Active Directory. When an authoritative restore is performed using the Backup Utility and Ntdsutil in the
Directory Services Restore Mode, the directory or the specific object(s) in the directory that have been authoritatively restored are replicated to other domain
controllers in the forest. See also non-authoritative restore.
Automated System Recovery (ASR)
A feature of Windows Server 2003 that allows an administrator to return a failed server to operation efficiently. Using the ASR Wizard of the Backup Utility, you create an ASR set which includes a floppy disk with a catalog of system files, and a comprehensive backup. When a server fails,
boot with the Windows Server 2003 CD-ROM and press F2 when prompted to start Automated System Recovery.
Automatic Updates
A client-side component that can be used to keep a system up to date with security rollups, patches, and drivers. Automatic Updates is also the
client component of a Software Update Services (SUS) infrastructure, which allows an enterprise to provide centralized and managed updates.
Background Intelligent Transfer Service (BITS)
A service used to transfer files between a client and a Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) server. BITS intelligently uses idle network bandwidth, and will decrease transfer requests when other network traffic increases.
backup domain controller (BDC)
In a Windows NT domain, a computer that stores a backup of the database that contains all the security and account information from the primary domain controller (PDC). The database is regularly and automatically synchronized with the copy on the PDC. A BDC also authenticates logons and can be promoted to a PDC when necessary. In a Windows Server 2003 or Windows 2000 domain, BDCs are not required; all domain controllers are peers, and all can perform maintenance on the directory.
backup media pool
A logical set of backup storage media used by Windows Server 2003 and Windows 2000 Server Backup.
bandwidth
On a network, the transmission capacity of a communications channel stated in megabits per second (Mbps). For example, Ethernet has a bandwidth of 10 Mbps. Fast Ethernet has a bandwidth of 100 Mbps.
Basic Input/Output System (BIOS)
The program used by a personal computer’s microprocessor to start the system and manage data flow between the operating system and the computer’s devices, such as its hard disks, CD-ROM, video adapter, keyboard, and mouse.
binding
A software connection between a network card and a network transport protocol such as Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP).
basic
disk A physical disk that is configured with partitions. The disk’s structure is compatible with previous versions of Windows and with several non-Windows operating systems.
BOOTP
Used on Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) networks to enable a diskless workstation to learn its own IP address, the location of a BOOTP server on the network, and the location of a file to be loaded into memory to boot the machine. This allows a computer to boot without a hard disk or a floppy disk. Stands for “Boot Protocol.”
bottleneck
Refers to the point of resource insufficiency when demand for computer system resources and services becomes extreme enough to cause performance degradation.
broadcasting
To send a message to all computers on a network simultaneously. See also multicasting.
Browser service
The service that maintains a current list of computers and provides
the list to applications when needed. When a user attempts to connect to a
resource in the domain, the Browser service is contacted to provide a list of available resources. The lists displayed in My Network Places and Active Directory Users and Computers (among others) are provided by the Browser service. Also called the Computer Browser service
Caching
A process used to enhance performance by retaining previously-accessed information in a location that provides faster response than the original location. Hard disk caching is used by the File and Print Sharing for Microsoft Networks service, which stores recently accessed disk information in memory for faster retrieval. The Remote Desktop Connection client can cache previously viewed screen shots from the terminal server on its local hard disk to improve performance of the Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) connection. catalog An index of files in a backup set.
certificate
A credential used to prove the origin, authenticity, and purpose of a public key to the entity that holds the corresponding private key.
certificate authority (CA)
The service that accepts and fulfills certificate requests and revocation requests and that can also manage the policy-directed registration process a user completes to get a certificate.
certificate revocation list (CRL)
A digitally signed list (published by a certificate authority) of certificates that are no longer valid.
child domain
A domain located directly beneath another domain name (which is known as a parent domain). For example, Engineering.scribes.com is a child domain of scribes.com, the parent domain. Also called a subdomain.
child object An object inside another object. For example, a file is a child object inside a folder, which is the parent object.
Client Access License (CAL
The legal right to connect to a service or application. CALs can be configured per server or per device/per user.
cluster A set of computers joined together in such a way that they behave as a single system. Clustering is used for network load balancing as well as fault tolerance. In data storage, a cluster is the smallest amount of disk space that can be allocated for a file.
Cluster service
The collection of software on each node that manages all cluster-
specific activity.
codec
Technology that compresses and decompresses data, particularly audio or
video. Codecs can be implemented in software, hardware, or a combination of both.
common name (CN)
The primary name of an object in a Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) directory such as Active Directory. The CN must be unique within the container or organizational unit (OU) in which the object exists.
concurrent Simultaneous.
console tree
The default left pane in a Microsoft Management Console (MMC) that shows the items contained in a console.
container
An Active Directory object that has attributes and is part of the Active Directory namespace. Unlike other objects, it does not usually represent something concrete. It is a package for a group of objects and other containers.
delegate
Assign administrative rights over a portion of the namespace to another user or group.
Device Driver
A program that enables a specific device, such as a modem, network
adapter, or printer, to communicate with the operating system. Although a device
might be installed on your system, Windows cannot use the device until you have
installed and configured the appropriate driver. Device drivers load automatically (for all enabled devices) when a computer is started, and thereafter run transparently.
Device Manager
An administrative tool that you can use to administer the devices
on your computer. Using Device Manager, you can view and change device properties,
update device drivers, configure device settings, and uninstall devices.
digital signature An attribute of a driver, application, or document that identifies the
creator of the file. Microsoft’s digital signature is included in all Microsoft-supplied
drivers, providing assurance as to the stability and compatibility of the drivers with Windows Server 2003 and Windows 2000 Server.
directory service
A means of storing directory data and making it available to net-
work users and administrators. For example, Active Directory stores information
about user accounts, such as names, passwords, phone numbers, and so on, and
enables other authorized users on the same network to access this information.
disk quota A limitation set by an administrator on the amount of disk space available
to a user.
distinguished name (DN)
In the context of Active Directory, “distinguished” means the qualities that make the name distinct. The DN identifies the domain that holds the object, as well as the complete path through the container hierarchy used to
reach the object.
Distributed file system (Dfs)
A file management system in which files can be located on separate computers but are presented to users as a single directory tree.
DNS name servers
Servers that contain information about part of the Domain Name System (DNS) database. These servers make computer names available to queries for name resolution across the Internet. Also called domain name servers.
domain A group of computers that share a security policy and a user account data-
base. A Windows Server 2003 domain is not the same as an Internet domain. See
also domain name.
domain controller
A server in a domain that accepts account logons and initiates their uthentication. In an Active Directory domain, a domain controller controls
access to network resources and participates in replication.
domain functional level
The level at which an Active Directory domain operates.
As functional levels are raised, more features of Active Directory become avail-
able. There are four levels: Windows 2000 mixed, Windows 2000 native, Windows
Server 2003 interim, and Windows Server 2003.
domain local group
A local group used on ACLs only in its own domain. A domain local group can contain users and global groups from any domain in the forest,
universal groups, and other domain local groups in its own domain.
domain name In Active Directory, the name given to a collection of networked
computers that share a common directory. On the Internet, the unique text name
that identifies a specific host. A machine can have more than one domain name, but a given domain name points to only one machine. Domain names are resolved to IP addresses by DNS name servers.

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