MIS chapter 4
Terms
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- anything that carries an electronic signal and interfaces between a sending device and a receiving device
- telecommunications medium
- long-distance telephone companies
- common carriers
- a communications line that uses switching equipment to allow one transmission device to be connected to other transmission devices
- switched line
- a communications line that uses existing phone wires going tinto today's homes and businesses to provide transmission speeds exceeding 500kbps at a cost of $20 or more per month
- digital subscriber line (DSL)
- computer network
- the communications media, devices, and software needed to connect two or more computer systems and/or devices
- processing alternative in which all processing occurs in a single location or facility
- centralized processing
- processing alternative in which processing devices are placed at various locations
- decentralized processing
- processing alternative in which computers are placed at remote locations but are connected to each other via telecommunications devices
- distributed processing
- an architecture in which the application and database reside on one host computer, and the user interacts with the application and data using a "dumb" terminal
- terminal-to-host
- an architecture in which the application and database reside on one host computer
- file server
- an architecture in which multiple computer platforms are dedicated to special functions such as database management, printing, communications, and program execution
- client/server
- a network that connect computer systems and devices within the same geographic area
- LAN
- local area network
- LAN
- a network that ties together large geographic regions using microwave and satellite transmission or telephone lines
- wide area network
- WAN
- wide area network
- a network that links systems between countries
- international network
- software that provides a number of important functions in a network
- communications software
- systems software that controls the compute rsystems and devices on a network and allows them to communicate with each other
- Network operating system
- NOS
- network operating system
- software that enables a manager to monitor the use of individual computers and shared hardware (printers), scan for viruses, and ensure compliance with software licenses
- network management software
- rules and standards that ensure communications among computers of different types and from different manufacturers
- communications protocols
- the gap between those who can effectively use new information and communication tools, such as the internet, and those who cannot
- digital divide
- a project started by the US Department of Defense in 1969 as both an experiment in reliable networking and a link among DOD and military research contractors
- ARPANET
- a communication standard that enables traffic to be routed from one network to another as needed
- Internet protocol
- IP
- internet protocol
- a protocol that includes rules that computers on a network use to establish and break connections
- transport control protocol
- one of the internet's high-speed, long-distance communications links
- backbone
- an assigned address on the internet for each computer
- uniform resource locator
- URL
- uniform resource locator
- a communications protocol that transmits packets over telephone lines
- Serial line internet protocol
- SLIP
- serial line internet protocol
- PPP
- point-to-point protocol
- a communications protocol that transmits packets over telephone lines, allows ahring of lines by multiple users, preferred
- point-to-point protocol
- any company that provides individuals or organizations with access to the Internet
- Internet service provider
- ISP
- internet service provider
- a terminal emulation protocol that enables users to log on to other computers on the Internet to gain access to public files
- Telnet
- a protocol that allows files to be copied between a host and a remote computer
- File transfer protocol
- FTP
- file transfer process
- technology that enables network managers to route phone calls and fax transmissions over the same network they use for data
- voice-over-IP
- VOIP
- voice-over-IP
- an intercompany application-to-application communication of data in standard format, permitting the recipient to perfro mthe functions of a standard business transaction
- EDI
- electronic data interchange
- EDI
- systems that give personal computer users access to vast databases and other services, usually for an initial fee plus usage fees
- public network services
- the use of telecommunications to extend the classroom
- distance learning
- an internet service comprising tens of thousand of independently owned computers that work together as one
- world wide web
- a cover page for a web site that has titles, graphics and text
- home page
- tools that connect the data on web pages, allowing users to access topics in whatever order they wish
- hypermedia
- the standard page description language for Web pages
- hypertext markup language
- hypertext markup language
- HTML
- codes that let the Web browser know how to format text-as a heading, as a list, or as body text- and whether images, sound and other elements should be inserted
- HTML tags
- software that creates a unique, hypermedia-based menu on your computer screen that provides a graphical interface to the web
- web browser
- markup language for web documents containing structured information, including words, pictures, and other elements
- Extensible markup language
- XML
- Extensible markup language
- a web search tool
- search engine
- an object-oriented programming language based on C++++ that allows small programs (applets) to be embedded within an HTML document
- JAVA
- automatic transmission of info over the internet rather than making users search for it with their browsers
- push technology
- an internal corporate network built using Internet and world wide web standards and products; used by the employees of the organization to access corporate information
- intranet
- a network that links selected resources of the intranet of a company with its customers, suppliers, or other business partners; based on Web technologies
- extranet
- a network that transfers information by encapsulating traffic in IP packets and sending teh packets over the Internet
- Virtual private network
- VPN
- Virtual private network
- the process by which VPN's encapsulate traffic in IP packets over the internet
- tunneling
- a device that sits between your internal network and the outside internet and limits access into and out of your network based on your organization's access policy
- firewall
- a text file that an internet company can place on the hard disk of a computer system to track the web movements of its users
- cookie
- the process of converting a message into a secret code and changing the encoded message back to regular text
- cryptography
- the conversion of a message into a secret code
- encryption
- an encryption technique used to verify the identity of a message sender for the processing of online financial transactions
- digital signature
- ______________ is creating profound changes in business because it lessens the barriers of time and distance.
- Telecommunications
- The elements of a ______ ______start with a ____ _____that originates the message
- telecommunications system; sending unit
- The sending unit transmits a signal to a ______ __________
- telecommunications device
- The telecommunications device performs a number of functions, which can include converting the _____ into a different form or from one type to another
- signal
- The telecommunications device then sends the signal through a medium, which carries the electronic signal and interfaces between a ____ _____and a ______ _____
- sending device; receiving device
- The signal is received by another _____ ______that is connected to the receiving computer
- telecommunications device
- _______can be used to share hardware, programs, and databases across the organization.
- Networks
- Networks can transmit and receive information to improve organizational _________ _________
- effectiveness and efficiency
- They enable geographically separated __________ to share documents and opinions, which fosters teamwork, innovative ideas, and new business strategies
- workgroups
- The _______is the world’s largest computer network— actually a collection of interconnected networks, all freely exchanging information
- Internet
- The ______ is like many other technologies— it provides a wide range of services, some of which are effective and practical for use today; others are still evolving, and still others will fade away from lack of use
- Internet
- The Internet transmits data from one computer (called a _______) to another
- host
- The set of conventions used to pass packets from one host to another is known as the
- Internet protocol (IP).
- ______ ____ _____includes rules for computers to establish and break connections
- Transport control protocol (TCP)
- Each computer on the Internet has an _____ _____ to distinguish it from other hosts
- assigned address
- An ____ ____ ____is any company that provides individuals or organizations with access to the Internet
- Internet service provider
- To use this type of connection, you must have an account with the service provider and software that allows a direct link via the ____ ______
- TCP/IP protocols
- ______ ______include e-mail and instant messaging; Telnet and FTP; chat rooms; Internet phone and videoconferencing services; content streaming; shopping on the Web; Web auctions; music, radio, and video services; electronic data interchange; public netw
- Internet services
- Originally developed as a document- management system, the World Wide Web is a ____ ____ ____ that is easy to use for personal and business applications
- menu-based system
- _____ ____is a collection of tens of thousands of independently owned computers that work together as one in an Internet service
- The Web
- ____ _____ _____ ___connect these computers, and cross-indexing software is employed to enable users to jump from one Web computer to another effortlessly.
- High-speed Internet circuits
- Because of its ability to handle ______ objects and ______ ______between distributed objects, the Web is emerging as the most popular means of information access on the Internet today
- multimedia; hypertext links
- AWeb site is like a magazine, with a cover page called a home page that has _____ _____ ____
- graphics, titles, and text
- Hypertext links are maintained using _____, a standard way of coding the locations of the HTML (hypertext markup language) documents.
- URLs (uniform resource locators
- ___ ____are loosely analogous to chapters in a book
- Web pages
- In Web transmissions, the client communicates with the server according to a set of rules called ____ ____ ____, which retrieves the document and presents it to the users
- HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol),
- _____is the standard page description language for Web pages
- HTML
- A Web browser reads HTML and creates a unique, hypermedia-based menu on the user’s computer screen that provides a____ _____ to the Web
- graphical interface
- A number of products make developing and maintaining ____ _____easier, including Web services. Microsoft, for example, has introduced a Web development platform called NET that allows different programming languages to be used and executed
- Web content
- It also includes a rich library of programming code to help build_____ ____
- XML Web applications
- Once a Web site has been constructed, ___ ___ ____ can keep the Web site running smoothly.
- a content management system (CMS)
- By linking buyers and sellers _______ on the Web, businesses are able to establish new and ongoing relationships with customers, allowing them access to information and products whenever it suits them
- electronically
- Businesses can use the Web as a tool for ____ ____ _____
- marketing, sales, and customer support
- An _______ is an internal corporate network built using Internet and World Wide Web standards and products
- intranet
- It is used by the employees of the organization to gain access to corporate information
- intranet
- An ______is a network that links selected resources of a company’s intranet with its customers, suppliers, or other business partners. It is built based on Web technologies
- extranet
- Authentication, privacy, and performance are critical on an
- extranet
- Web site ____ _____ and_____ are control and management issues that affect all networks
- bottlenecks, privacy and security, and flrewalls
- CMS
- content management system