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Introduction to Networking

Terms

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Applications
Computer programs that make a user's computer do what the user needs done, such as writing a report or calculating a budget.
backup
Save extra copies of the files in a computer.
client-based networks
A further refinement to the concept of a server-based network that relieves the heavy burden on the network's capacity resulting form frequent server-performed transactions.
collaboration
The act of sharing information between coworkers so that they can discuss each other's work or possibly exchange opinions about what other users created.
computer network
Two or more computing devices that are connected in order to share the components of a network (the resources)and the information stored there.
data
A piece or pieces of information.
dedicated server
A computer that operates solely as a server.
economies of scale
Savings brought on by buying more similar items (such as computers) and obtaining a lower per-unit cost.
e-mail
An electronic means of communicating that is similar to mail but written using computer applications and sent over networks, usually over the Internet.
format
The act of combining or arranging characters in a standard order ofr some other specific manner such atht messages can be exchanged from sender to receiver.
hierarchy of data
A method of organizing information such that the most detailed information is found at the top and the more general, less secure information is located at the bottom. For instance, a single document is less important and should have fewer security measures placed upon it than a whole file full of related documents.
local area network (LAN)
A network that is contained within a relatively small area, such as a classrom, school, or single building.
local computer
The computer currently being operated by a user. This is a relative term - each computer user will consider their own computer to be the local computer.
metropolitan area network (MAN)
A network that spans the distances involved in a typical metropolitan city.
network
Two or more entities sharing resources and information.
operating system
Collections of software programs that provide a computer with basic functionality, such as the user interface, management of hardware and software, and ways of creating, managing, and using files.
peer-to-peer system
A type of networking that is not centrally administered, where all computers are considered equals, and where each computer can act as a file or print server to its peers.
peripherals
A very broad term, most often used to refer to nonessential add-on computer components, such as printers, scanners, and speakers, to expand the computer's use.
programs
Organized sets of computer instructions.
server
In the general sense, an entity that provides customers, or clients, access to resources. More specifically, a computer that plays one or more of several important roles in a network. In all of these roles, it provides services to other computers (which act as clients).
server-based network
A type of network that offers centralized control and is designed for secure operations.
shares
As a noun, these are the shared resources users control on their computers, such as document folders, printers, and peripherals. As a verb, it means to make a resource, such as a document foler or printer, available on the network.
sneakernet
The process of sharing information by actually walking it to another computer.
software
A set of instructions that controls the operations of a computer.
standalone computer
A computer that is operated independently of other computers.
total cost of owndership (TCO)
The full amount spent on a particular component over that equipment's usable lifetime, including initial purchase cost of all related costs for maintaining the component and supporting the use of the component.
wide area network (WAN)
A network that spans a larger area that a typical metropolitan city.
workstation
A computer used as a location to accomplish work.

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