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A+ OS Technologies

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Dos has two hidden system files. What are they?
IO.sys and MSDOS.sys
What performs checks and loads the core components of Windows?
WIN.com
What file does DOS automatically execute when a computer boots up?
AUTOEXEC.bat
What DOS configuration file loads the device drivers but is not necessary to run windows but is retained for backward compatibility?
CONFIG.sys
It is used by DOS for applications and TSR's programs?
Conventional Memory
Coordinates the use of your computer's extended memory including the HMA so that no two application or device drivers use the same memory at the same time?
HIMEM.sys
This memory is actually hard disk space in the form of a windows swap file?
Virtual Memory
Provides access to the upper memory area and uses extended memory to simulate expanded memory?
EMM386.exe
One of the three files that make up the windows registry and is located in c:\windows directory?
USER.dat
Is one of the three files that make up the registry and contains all the hardware configuration, Plug and Play settings, and application settings. It is located in c:\windows as a hidden file?
System.dat
One of the three files that make up the windows registry. May override any settings contained in the other two registry files. And can contain additional data specific to a network?
Policy.pol
It is the system configuration editor and can be found in c:\windows\system. This program allows you to edit protocol.ini,system.ini,win.ini,config.sys,and your autoexec.bat files
SYSEDIT
The system configuration utility located at c:\windows\system\msconfig.exe. It allows you to remove programs that are automatically started when windows starts?
MSCONFIG
DOS file that contains the DOS command processor, receives and executes operating system commands?
COMMAND.com
A tool for displaying and editing the registry database. It is located in the c:windows directory?
REGEDIT.exe
Contains all the hardware configuration, Plug and play settings, and application settings. It is located in c:windows as a hidden file?
SYSTEM.dat
Where you enter a command in the windows run box interpreted by windows not DOS?
Run Command
What command can you use to encrypt files and folders from the DOS command prompt?
cipher.exe
Windows 2000 hardware requirements are?
133 mhz Pentium microprocessor
64 mbs of ram is recommended
32 mbs of ram is the minimum
4gbs of ram is the maximum
2gb harddisk with 650mb of free space
What is the utility that scans an existing registry for errors?
Scanreg.exe
What is the utility that checks local hard disks for errors?
Scandisk.exe
The realmode operating system, VMM32 and Windows 9x device drivers take control from?
IO.sys
Contains special information for Windows 98, and for compatibility with applications?
MSDOS.sys
It is not required for Windows 9x, but it is included for compatibility?
Config.sys
It is not required for Windows 95 or Windows 98 but it is included for compatibility?
Autoexec.bat
What is the hidden, read only system file that loads the operating system for NT/2000?
NTLDR
What is the read only system file, used to build the boot menu?
BOOT.ini
What is the hidden system file loaded by NTLDR only in dual booting, another OS?
Bootsect.dos
What is the hidden, read only system file used to build a hardware list and pass the information back to NTLDR to be added to the registry later in the boot process?
Ntdetect.com
What is the system file if you are only booting from a SCSI partition, and SCSI BIOS is not present on the controller?
NTBOOTDD.sys
What is the kernel file for NT/2000?
NTOSKRNL.exe
Troubleshooting Errors:

No operating system found?
- the harddrive is physically damaged or has a disconnected/damaged cable
- the system or the boot files have been corrupted or missing
- the master boot record is damaged/changed
-computer virus

Try to boot to a startup disk and type sys c: and /or run windows setup to replace the system and boot files.
Troubleshooting Errors:

Error in CONFIG.sys line xx?
Command.com file was deleted or renamed, is the wrong version, or has a damaged header.

Solution - use a startup floppy (must be the same version or later as the system you are trying to boot to). Type sys c: at the a:\>prompt and press enter. Reboot
Troubleshooting Errors:

HIMEM.sys not loaded?
The HIMEM.sys command line in your config.sys file must appear before any commands that start programs or device drivers that user extended memory. If any of these other programs or devices try to load before HIMEM.sys is loaded you could receive the error message
Troubleshooting Errors:

Missing or corrupt HIMEM.sys?
The file may have been deleted from the c:\windows\command directory, or there is a line in config.sys calling on a different version of HIMEM.sys
If you do not have much free hard disk space your __ file will not be able to expand which can cause your computer to run slow.

What is this file?
Swap file

Not enough free space also causes your swap file to swap between physical memory ad the hard disk more frequently, which increases the chances of general protection faults
NT Boot issues

The boot menu disappears?
If you want to set up a dual-boot system, you must install the alternate operating system before you install Windows NT. If you install windows NT first and then install another OS, it will overwrite the boot sector, and then the PC will no longer look for the NTLDR file. To correct the problem install a new copy of Windows NT to a different directory. Doing so will make NT bootable. You can then edit your BOOT.ini file and remove any references to the new copy
NT Boot Issues

BOOT: Couldn't find NTLDR Please insert another disk?
Your boot sector is okay b/c it still points to the NTLDR file. However, your NTLDR file is either missing or damaged. To correct this problem, replace the NTLDR file with a backup file or installa new copy of Windows NT to a different directory
NT Boot Issues

Windows NT could not start b/c the following file is missing or corrupt:
\system32\ntoskrnl.exe Please reinstall a copy of the above file?
This problem usually occurs b/c the BOOT.ini file points to the wrong location for the Windows NT operating system of NTOSKRNL.exe is missing or damaged. Copy the file from a backup or install a new copy of Windows NT to a different directory and copy file
NT Boot Issues

I/O Error accessing boot sector file ulti(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1):\bootsect.dos?
This error indicates that the BOOT.ini file either points to the wrong location for the BOOTSECT.dos file or that the BOOTSECT.dos file is corrupt
In windows 98 how do you get to Dr. Watson?
1. You can go start menu, click run, type drwatson

2. Go to start menu, programs, accessories, and system tools, then click system information. Select tools menu and click Dr. Watson
What collects detailed information about the state of your system at the time of and slightly before and application fault?
Dr. Watson - intercepts the software faults, identifying the software that faulted and offering a detailed description of the cause
How do you get to Dr. Watson in Windows 2000?
Start, run, type drwtsn32. To start from a command prompt, change to the root directory and then type drwtsn32
What is it called when a program tries to access a portion of memory that has not been allocated by Windows or is already being used by another program or TSR?
General Protection Fault

Solutions
-Run scandisk/defrag
-Remove any TSRs or programs which were running before the GPF
-Remove and reinstall the program that caused the GPF
-Disable power management and screen savers
This is caused when windows or a program attempts to store or call a segment or block of memory that does not exist?
Invalid page fault

This could happen b/c of bad memory or the program is incompatible or corrupt

Are generally caused by program incompatibility, overheating such as the cpu cooling fan not operating or other hardware/software issues
What is an operation requested, which is not understood by Windows or the CPU?
Ilegal Operations

Can be caused by:
corrupt files
bad memory
data that can not be read properly
incorrect drivers
TSRs
Bad hard drive sectors
Where do you go to free and Event log when it is full?
Must be logged on as an admin or a member of the admin group

Open up Event Viewer, click start, point to settings, and click control panel. Double click Administrative Tools, and then double-click Event viewer.
In the console tree, click the log you want to free.
On the Action menu, click Clear All Events
When getting the message A device referenced in SYSTEM.ini, WIN.ini, Registry is not found?
The referenced device is no longer installed, or its driver are missing/corrupted. Try installing then reinstalling the device, or remove the referenced lines from the above files
Network Types:

What is a Peer to Peer network?
There are also called workgroups, there is no dedicated servers. All computers are equal and therefore known as peers. Normally each computer functions as both a client and a server. There are usually 10 or less computers on this type of network
Network Types:

What is a Server based network?
In a network with more than 10 users a peer to peer network will probably not be adequate. Therefore most networks have deticated servers, which are not used as clients or workstations
What is a hardware card installed in a computer so it can communicate on a network?
Network Adapter or Network Interface Card
What networking protocol allows computers to communicate accross interconnected networks and the internet?
TCP/IP
What is the name of the protocol stack that is used by Novell networks?
IPX/SPX

IPX is te Netware protocol for paket forwarding and routing.
SPX is connection oriented used to guarantee the deliver of the data being sent.
What is NetBeui?
NetBios extended user interface. NetBEUI is used mostly on small non routed networks. It is limited to microsoft based networks.
What verifies connections to a remote computer or computers. This command is available only if the TCP/IP protocol has been installed?
Ping.exe
What utility determines the route taken to a network destination?
TRACERT.exe

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