OSI Network Model
Terms
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- Define "standards."
- documented agreements containing technical specifications or other precise criteria that serve as guidelines to ensure that materials, products, processes, and services suit their purpose
- Name 5 significant networking standards organizations.
- 1) American National Standards Institute; 2) Electronic Industries Alliance; 3) Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers; 4) International Organization for Standardization; 5) International Telecommunications Union (formerly the CCITT)
- Name the 7 layers of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model.
- 1) Physical; 2) Data Link; 3) Network; 4) Transport; 5) Session; 6) Presentation; 7) Application -- "Please Do Not Throw Sausage Pizza Away"
- What does the Physical Layer contain?
- the physical networking medium, such as cabling, connectors, and repeaters
- What do protocols at the Physical layer do?
- they generate and detect voltage, to transmit and receive signals carrying data
- Name 2 responsibilities of the Physical Layer
- it sets the data transmission rate and monitors data error rates. It does not provide error correction
- What does the Data Link Layer bridge?
- it bridges the networking media with the abstract software and data streams
- What is the Data Link Layer's primary function?
- to divide data it receives from the Network Layer into frames that can be transmitted by the Physical layer
- What devices work in the Data Link layer?
- connectivity devices such as bridges and switches, because they decode frames and use the frame information to transmit data to its correct recipient
- What does the Network Layer manage?
- it manages addressing, routing, and segmentation and reassembly of packets
- Which OSI Layer do routers operate in?
- routers belong to the Network Layer because they use addressing, usage patterns, and availability to intelligently direct data from sender to receiver
- What is the Transport Layer's primary responsibility?
- ensuring data arrives reliably, even across segments. the Transport Layer checks the order or sequence of frames and checks errors
- What is the function of the Session Layer?
- establishing and maintaining communication between two nodes on the network
- What is the “traffic cop” of network communications?
- the Session Layer
- What does the term “session” refer to?
- a connection for data exchange between two parties; most often with terminal-to-mainframe communications
- What is the function of the Presentation Layer?
- translates between the application and the network. At the Presentation layer, data are formatted in a schema that the network can understand; this format varies with the type of network used
- What layer handles encryption?
- the Presentation Layer manages encryption and decryption, such as the scrambling of passwords
- What does the Application Layer provide?
- it provides interfaces to the software that enable it to use network services
- Name 3 services provided by the Application Layer.
- file transfer, file management, and message handling for electronic mail
- What are “frames”?
- small blocks of data with control, addressing, and handling information attached. Frames are composed of several smaller components
- What are the two major categories of frame types?
- Ethernet and Token Ring
- What 2 types of addresses identify network nodes?
- Network Layer addresses and Data Link Layer addresses
- What are Data Link Layer addresses?
- addresses hardwired into the networking device, also called physical, MAC, or hardware addresses
- What are Network Layer addresses?
- addresses assigned to devices through operating software, also called logical or virtual addresses
- What is the structure of logical addresses?
- they are hierarchical, so they can be easily interpreted by routers and used to direct data to their destinations
- Give 5 examples of topics covered by IEEE networking specifications.
- frame types, networking media, error checking algorithms, encryption, emerging technologies
- What is the umbrella name of IEEE's standardization of the elements of networking?
- IEEE Project 802
- What is the IEEE expansion of Data Link Layer
- two sublayers: the Logical Link Control (LLC) sublayer and the Medium Access Control (MAC) sublayer
- What does the Logical Link Control sublayer provide?
- reliability and flow control services
- What does the Medium Access Control sublayer provide?
- it appends the physical address of the destination computer onto the data frame